8
A . M . N e g m e t a l .
and this quantitative approach had to be abandoned. The last 30 years represent a
period of profound transformations in the field of water supply systems. The market
economy imposed new standards of efficiency and quality. Water companies had to
survive inflation, re-organize themselves, access European funds, adopt new materials and technologies, reduce water losses and find new clients. Thus, since 1997,
Cluj-Napoca’s local water company has conducted four major investment projects for
the expansion, modernization, and rehabilitation of water and sewerage infrastructure in the serviced area. New technologies like GIS and SCADA were implemented,
water metering was finalized and new clients were found in a nearby county. The
Operational Program for Large Infrastructure in the period 2014–2020 is promoting
integrated water and wastewater systems in a regional approach, in order to reduce
the costs and obtain maximum efficiency for such investments.
1.5 Antropic Influences to Water Resources
Chapter 7 shows that water resources from Eastern part of Romania are becoming
increasingly vulnerable as human impacts increase and regional climate change.
With a surface of 20,569 km
2 and a population of 2.2 million, the Eastern part of
Romania is classified as vulnerable from an economic and social point of view, but
also as far as the impact of human activity and climate change on water resources.
Taking into account the natural condition the anthropic impact was evaluated using
WEI+ index (developed by the European Environmental Agency). According to this
index, the mean value calculated for this region (15.7) indicated limited pressure
upon water resources, but with the potential of increasing in severity over dry years
(like 2000, 2007, 2012). More than half of the rivers that drain the eastern part of
Romania display a trend toward a rise in mean annual and seasonal flow, in agreement
with the regional trend associated with climate change. However, this trend does not
significantly reduce the anthropogenic impact on water resources in this region.
Chapter 8 describes the extensive interdisciplinary studies done along the Romanian Danube River Floodplain within the ecological and economic resizing program
of the Danube floodplain and delta. The main aspect that was followed in this program was the reconsideration of the flood line of defense for the localities along the
river, by creating water reserve polders, ecological restoration of some areas, etc. In
order to determine which areas of the floodplain could be changed from one use to
another, various surveys were done along the river to evaluate the floodplain’s functionality. To determine the precise state of the dykes, the topology of the area, LiDAR
measurements were conducted on 1075 km stretch with a variable width of 80 km.
With the results of the LiDAR and bathymetrical measurements, hydraulic modeling
was possible in order to develop flood scenarios and to determine the feasible areas
where the land use could be changed (taking into consideration numerous variables).
The chapter stressed that the shift to sustainable development is a process of a large
scale, achievable at the same time by the cooperation of all countries because the
effects on the environment do not know limits imposed by the borders.
A . M . N e g m e t a l .
and this quantitative approach had to be abandoned. The last 30 years represent a
period of profound transformations in the field of water supply systems. The market
economy imposed new standards of efficiency and quality. Water companies had to
survive inflation, re-organize themselves, access European funds, adopt new materials and technologies, reduce water losses and find new clients. Thus, since 1997,
Cluj-Napoca’s local water company has conducted four major investment projects for
the expansion, modernization, and rehabilitation of water and sewerage infrastructure in the serviced area. New technologies like GIS and SCADA were implemented,
water metering was finalized and new clients were found in a nearby county. The
Operational Program for Large Infrastructure in the period 2014–2020 is promoting
integrated water and wastewater systems in a regional approach, in order to reduce
the costs and obtain maximum efficiency for such investments.
1.5 Antropic Influences to Water Resources
Chapter 7 shows that water resources from Eastern part of Romania are becoming
increasingly vulnerable as human impacts increase and regional climate change.
With a surface of 20,569 km
2 and a population of 2.2 million, the Eastern part of
Romania is classified as vulnerable from an economic and social point of view, but
also as far as the impact of human activity and climate change on water resources.
Taking into account the natural condition the anthropic impact was evaluated using
WEI+ index (developed by the European Environmental Agency). According to this
index, the mean value calculated for this region (15.7) indicated limited pressure
upon water resources, but with the potential of increasing in severity over dry years
(like 2000, 2007, 2012). More than half of the rivers that drain the eastern part of
Romania display a trend toward a rise in mean annual and seasonal flow, in agreement
with the regional trend associated with climate change. However, this trend does not
significantly reduce the anthropogenic impact on water resources in this region.
Chapter 8 describes the extensive interdisciplinary studies done along the Romanian Danube River Floodplain within the ecological and economic resizing program
of the Danube floodplain and delta. The main aspect that was followed in this program was the reconsideration of the flood line of defense for the localities along the
river, by creating water reserve polders, ecological restoration of some areas, etc. In
order to determine which areas of the floodplain could be changed from one use to
another, various surveys were done along the river to evaluate the floodplain’s functionality. To determine the precise state of the dykes, the topology of the area, LiDAR
measurements were conducted on 1075 km stretch with a variable width of 80 km.
With the results of the LiDAR and bathymetrical measurements, hydraulic modeling
was possible in order to develop flood scenarios and to determine the feasible areas
where the land use could be changed (taking into consideration numerous variables).
The chapter stressed that the shift to sustainable development is a process of a large
scale, achievable at the same time by the cooperation of all countries because the
effects on the environment do not know limits imposed by the borders.