136
F. Morar et al.
Relative to relatively limited water resources, human water requirements have
seen a steady increase from 1.4 billion cubic meters in 1950 to around 20.40 billion
cubic meters in 1989, of which:
• 11% drinking water for the population and the public domain;
• 44% drinking water and industrial water for businesses;
• 45% water for irrigation, animal husbandry and fish farming.
Also, the average water consumption ranges from 575 L/day/person in the US
(reaching 100 L/day/person in California, Arizona) to 200–300 L/day/person in the
majority of the EU Member States. In poorly developed countries (e.g. Mozambique),
the average water consumption is less than 10 L/day/person.
According to the World Health Organization and UNICEF, the minimum water
consumption per day and per person is 20 L (from a source situated within one
kilometer), a quantity considered sufficient for sanitary purposes and drinking. To
ensure daily needs for a decent living, daily water consumption per person is around
50 L [7].
The increase in water consumption has been accompanied by an increase in the
amount of waste water without any correlation with the development and vamping
of the treatment plants to increase the capacities and the quality of the purification
process, while ensuring the need for quality water.
Thus, according to the data from the Romanian Waters Company for 1990, out
of the total waste water discharged, it was estimated that only 22% of these waste
waters were properly cleaned, according to the legislation, approximately 50% have
been cleansed inefficiently, and about 28% have been discharged into the natural
environment without treatment, adversely affecting the quality of the environment,
especially the aquatic environment [8].
The current trends in water consumption will lead to excessive demand for water
resources, disturbing the balance of these resources, which would have adverse longterm effects on the country’s economic and social development.
Water uses cover the most diverse forms (drinking water, fish farming, water
supply for industry and agriculture, urban and recreational purposes), so its pollution
potential is very high.
Avoiding the pollution of water sources and eliminating its effects is currently a
major concern for those working in the field of water supply.
4.1.3 Surface Water Resources at a National Level
The water quality in Romania is monitored according to the structure and
methodological principles of the Integrated Water Monitoring System in Romania
(I.W.M.S.), restructured according to the requirements of European Directives.
The national water monitoring system includes two types of monitoring, as
required by Law 310/2004 amending and supplementing the Water Law no.
107/1996, which included the provisions of the Framework Directive 60/2000/EEC
F. Morar et al.
Relative to relatively limited water resources, human water requirements have
seen a steady increase from 1.4 billion cubic meters in 1950 to around 20.40 billion
cubic meters in 1989, of which:
• 11% drinking water for the population and the public domain;
• 44% drinking water and industrial water for businesses;
• 45% water for irrigation, animal husbandry and fish farming.
Also, the average water consumption ranges from 575 L/day/person in the US
(reaching 100 L/day/person in California, Arizona) to 200–300 L/day/person in the
majority of the EU Member States. In poorly developed countries (e.g. Mozambique),
the average water consumption is less than 10 L/day/person.
According to the World Health Organization and UNICEF, the minimum water
consumption per day and per person is 20 L (from a source situated within one
kilometer), a quantity considered sufficient for sanitary purposes and drinking. To
ensure daily needs for a decent living, daily water consumption per person is around
50 L [7].
The increase in water consumption has been accompanied by an increase in the
amount of waste water without any correlation with the development and vamping
of the treatment plants to increase the capacities and the quality of the purification
process, while ensuring the need for quality water.
Thus, according to the data from the Romanian Waters Company for 1990, out
of the total waste water discharged, it was estimated that only 22% of these waste
waters were properly cleaned, according to the legislation, approximately 50% have
been cleansed inefficiently, and about 28% have been discharged into the natural
environment without treatment, adversely affecting the quality of the environment,
especially the aquatic environment [8].
The current trends in water consumption will lead to excessive demand for water
resources, disturbing the balance of these resources, which would have adverse longterm effects on the country’s economic and social development.
Water uses cover the most diverse forms (drinking water, fish farming, water
supply for industry and agriculture, urban and recreational purposes), so its pollution
potential is very high.
Avoiding the pollution of water sources and eliminating its effects is currently a
major concern for those working in the field of water supply.
4.1.3 Surface Water Resources at a National Level
The water quality in Romania is monitored according to the structure and
methodological principles of the Integrated Water Monitoring System in Romania
(I.W.M.S.), restructured according to the requirements of European Directives.
The national water monitoring system includes two types of monitoring, as
required by Law 310/2004 amending and supplementing the Water Law no.
107/1996, which included the provisions of the Framework Directive 60/2000/EEC