Liu L, Zhang X, Xu W et al (2017) Temporal characteristics of atmospheric ammonia and nitrogen
dioxide over China based on emission data, satellite observations and atmospheric transport
modeling since 1980. Atmos Chem Phys 17:9365–9378
Lü C, Tian H (2007) Spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen deposition in China: synthesis of
observational data. J Geophys Res-Atmos 112:D22S05
Lü X, Kong D, Pan Q et al (2012) Nitrogen and water availability interact to affect leaf stoichiometry in a semi-arid grassland. Oecologia 168:301–310
Lü X, Reed S, Yu Q et al (2013) Convergent responses of nitrogen and phosphorus resorption to
nitrogen inputs in a semiarid grassland. Glob Chang Biol 19:2775–2784
Ma L, Lü X, Liu Y et al (2011) The effects of warming and nitrogen addition on soil nitrogen
cycling in a temperate grassland, Northeastern China. Plos One 6:e27645l
Marklein A, Houlton B (2012) Nitrogen inputs accelerate phosphorus cycling rates across a wide
variety of terrestrial ecosystems. New Phytol 193:696–704
Ning Q, Gu Q, Shen J et al (2015) Effects of nitrogen deposition rates and frequencies on the
abundance of soil nitrogen-related functional genes in temperate grassland of northern China. J
Soils Sediments 15:694–704
Niu K, Luo Y, Choler P et al (2008) The role of biomass allocation strategy in diversity loss due to
fertilization. Basic Appl Ecol 9:485–493
Pan Q, Bai Y, Wu J et al (2011) Hierarchical plant responses and diversity loss after nitrogen
addition: testing three functionally-based hypotheses in the inner Mongolia grassland. PLoS
One 6:e20078
Payne R, Dise N, Field C et al (2017) Nitrogen deposition and plant biodiversity: past, present, and
future. Front Ecol Environ 15:431–436
Peek M (2007) Explaining variation in fine root life span. Prog Bot 68:382–398
Peng Y, Li F, Zhou G et al (2017) Linkages of plant stoichiometry to ecosystem production and
carbon fluxes with increasing nitrogen inputs in an alpine steppe. Glob Chang Biol
23:5249–5259
Ren J, Hu Z, Zhao J et al (2008) A grassland classification system and its application in China.
Rangel J 30:199–209
Ruan W, Sang Y, Chen Q et al (2012) The response of soil nematode community to nitrogen, water,
and grazing history in the inner Mongolian steppe, China. Ecosystems 15:1121–1133
Song M, Li X, Jing S et al (2016) Responses of soil nematodes to water and nitrogen additions in an
old-field grassland. Appl Soil Ecol 102:53–60
Stevens M, Carson W (1999) Plant density determines species richness along an experimental
fertility gradient. Ecology 80:455–465
Stevens C, Dise N, Gowing D et al (2006) Loss of forb diversity in relation to nitrogen deposition in
the UK: regional trends and potential controls. Glob Chang Biol 12:1823–1833
Stevens CJ, Lind EM, Hautier Y et al (2015) Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition predicts local
grassland primary production worldwide. Ecology 96:1459–1465
Stevens C, David T, Storkey J (2018) Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in terrestrial ecosystems: its
impact on plant communities and consequences across trophic levels. Funct Ecol 32:757–1769
Storkey J, Macdonald A, Poulton P et al (2015) Grassland biodiversity bounces back from longterm nitrogen addition. Nature 528:401–404
Suding K, Collins S, Gough L et al (2005) Functional- and abundance-based mechanisms explain
diversity loss due to N fertilization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:4387–4392
Sun H (2005) Ecosystems of China. Science Press, Beijing
Ti C, Pan J, Xia Y et al (2012) A nitrogen budget of mainland China with spatial and temporal
variation. Biogeochemistry 108:381–394
Tian X, Hu H, Ding Q et al (2014) Influence of nitrogen fertilization on soil ammonia oxidizer and
denitrifier abundance, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities in an alpine meadow. Biol Fert
Soils 50:703–713
Tian Q, Liu N, Bai W et al (2016) A novel soil manganese mechanism drives plant species loss with
increased nitrogen deposition in a temperate steppe. Ecology 97:65–74
Tilman D (1988) Plant strategies and the dynamics and structure of plant communities. Princeton
University Press, Princeton
10 Impacts of Nitrogen Deposition on China’s Grassland Ecosystems
241
dioxide over China based on emission data, satellite observations and atmospheric transport
modeling since 1980. Atmos Chem Phys 17:9365–9378
Lü C, Tian H (2007) Spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen deposition in China: synthesis of
observational data. J Geophys Res-Atmos 112:D22S05
Lü X, Kong D, Pan Q et al (2012) Nitrogen and water availability interact to affect leaf stoichiometry in a semi-arid grassland. Oecologia 168:301–310
Lü X, Reed S, Yu Q et al (2013) Convergent responses of nitrogen and phosphorus resorption to
nitrogen inputs in a semiarid grassland. Glob Chang Biol 19:2775–2784
Ma L, Lü X, Liu Y et al (2011) The effects of warming and nitrogen addition on soil nitrogen
cycling in a temperate grassland, Northeastern China. Plos One 6:e27645l
Marklein A, Houlton B (2012) Nitrogen inputs accelerate phosphorus cycling rates across a wide
variety of terrestrial ecosystems. New Phytol 193:696–704
Ning Q, Gu Q, Shen J et al (2015) Effects of nitrogen deposition rates and frequencies on the
abundance of soil nitrogen-related functional genes in temperate grassland of northern China. J
Soils Sediments 15:694–704
Niu K, Luo Y, Choler P et al (2008) The role of biomass allocation strategy in diversity loss due to
fertilization. Basic Appl Ecol 9:485–493
Pan Q, Bai Y, Wu J et al (2011) Hierarchical plant responses and diversity loss after nitrogen
addition: testing three functionally-based hypotheses in the inner Mongolia grassland. PLoS
One 6:e20078
Payne R, Dise N, Field C et al (2017) Nitrogen deposition and plant biodiversity: past, present, and
future. Front Ecol Environ 15:431–436
Peek M (2007) Explaining variation in fine root life span. Prog Bot 68:382–398
Peng Y, Li F, Zhou G et al (2017) Linkages of plant stoichiometry to ecosystem production and
carbon fluxes with increasing nitrogen inputs in an alpine steppe. Glob Chang Biol
23:5249–5259
Ren J, Hu Z, Zhao J et al (2008) A grassland classification system and its application in China.
Rangel J 30:199–209
Ruan W, Sang Y, Chen Q et al (2012) The response of soil nematode community to nitrogen, water,
and grazing history in the inner Mongolian steppe, China. Ecosystems 15:1121–1133
Song M, Li X, Jing S et al (2016) Responses of soil nematodes to water and nitrogen additions in an
old-field grassland. Appl Soil Ecol 102:53–60
Stevens M, Carson W (1999) Plant density determines species richness along an experimental
fertility gradient. Ecology 80:455–465
Stevens C, Dise N, Gowing D et al (2006) Loss of forb diversity in relation to nitrogen deposition in
the UK: regional trends and potential controls. Glob Chang Biol 12:1823–1833
Stevens CJ, Lind EM, Hautier Y et al (2015) Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition predicts local
grassland primary production worldwide. Ecology 96:1459–1465
Stevens C, David T, Storkey J (2018) Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in terrestrial ecosystems: its
impact on plant communities and consequences across trophic levels. Funct Ecol 32:757–1769
Storkey J, Macdonald A, Poulton P et al (2015) Grassland biodiversity bounces back from longterm nitrogen addition. Nature 528:401–404
Suding K, Collins S, Gough L et al (2005) Functional- and abundance-based mechanisms explain
diversity loss due to N fertilization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:4387–4392
Sun H (2005) Ecosystems of China. Science Press, Beijing
Ti C, Pan J, Xia Y et al (2012) A nitrogen budget of mainland China with spatial and temporal
variation. Biogeochemistry 108:381–394
Tian X, Hu H, Ding Q et al (2014) Influence of nitrogen fertilization on soil ammonia oxidizer and
denitrifier abundance, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities in an alpine meadow. Biol Fert
Soils 50:703–713
Tian Q, Liu N, Bai W et al (2016) A novel soil manganese mechanism drives plant species loss with
increased nitrogen deposition in a temperate steppe. Ecology 97:65–74
Tilman D (1988) Plant strategies and the dynamics and structure of plant communities. Princeton
University Press, Princeton
10 Impacts of Nitrogen Deposition on China’s Grassland Ecosystems
241