emission, deposition, and budget of atmospheric reactive N in China (Chaps. 2, 3, 4
and 5), (3) the contribution of atmospheric reactive N to air pollution (e.g., haze,
surface O 3 , and acid deposition) (Chaps. 6, 7 and 8), (4) the impacts of N deposition
on sensitive ecosystems (e.g., forests, grasslands, deserts, and lakes) (Chaps. 9, 10,
11 and 12), and (5) the regulatory strategies for the mitigation of atmospheric
reactive N pollution in China (Chaps. 13 and 14) (see Fig. 1.1).
In Chap. 1 (this chapter), Liu and Du briefly summarized all chapters’ key points
in this book in a global prospective, including each chapter’s main findings/conclusions and their eco-environmental and/or policy implications.
1.2 The Emission, Deposition, and Budget of Reactive
Nitrogen in China
China has been undergoing rapid socioeconomic development since the late 1970s,
and industrial production and agricultural utilization of reactive N have been simultaneously increased (Gu et al. 2012, 2015). In the meanwhile, growing energy
production from fossil fuels has also increased unintended N emissions (mainly
NO x ) to the atmosphere. Along with the improvement of living standards, the
changing dietary structure (e.g., increasing consumption of meat and milk) and
lifestyle (e.g., increasing number of automobile per household) further stimulate
the creation, utilization, and emission of reactive N at national scale. The rapid
increase in anthropogenic reactive N inputs to the atmosphere, hydrosphere,
pedosphere, and biosphere has caused various environmental issues (Liu et al.
Fig. 1.1 Scheme of the emission, deposition, effects, and regulation of reactive nitrogen in the
environment
4
X. Liu and E. Du
and 5), (3) the contribution of atmospheric reactive N to air pollution (e.g., haze,
surface O 3 , and acid deposition) (Chaps. 6, 7 and 8), (4) the impacts of N deposition
on sensitive ecosystems (e.g., forests, grasslands, deserts, and lakes) (Chaps. 9, 10,
11 and 12), and (5) the regulatory strategies for the mitigation of atmospheric
reactive N pollution in China (Chaps. 13 and 14) (see Fig. 1.1).
In Chap. 1 (this chapter), Liu and Du briefly summarized all chapters’ key points
in this book in a global prospective, including each chapter’s main findings/conclusions and their eco-environmental and/or policy implications.
1.2 The Emission, Deposition, and Budget of Reactive
Nitrogen in China
China has been undergoing rapid socioeconomic development since the late 1970s,
and industrial production and agricultural utilization of reactive N have been simultaneously increased (Gu et al. 2012, 2015). In the meanwhile, growing energy
production from fossil fuels has also increased unintended N emissions (mainly
NO x ) to the atmosphere. Along with the improvement of living standards, the
changing dietary structure (e.g., increasing consumption of meat and milk) and
lifestyle (e.g., increasing number of automobile per household) further stimulate
the creation, utilization, and emission of reactive N at national scale. The rapid
increase in anthropogenic reactive N inputs to the atmosphere, hydrosphere,
pedosphere, and biosphere has caused various environmental issues (Liu et al.
Fig. 1.1 Scheme of the emission, deposition, effects, and regulation of reactive nitrogen in the
environment
4
X. Liu and E. Du