9. Forgan RS, Sauvage J-P, Stoddart JF (2011) Chemical topology: complex molecular knots,
links, and entanglements. Chem Rev 111:5434–5464
10. Erbas-Cakmak S, Leigh DA, McTernan CT, Nussbaumer AL (2015) Artificial molecular
machines. Chem Rev 115:10081–10206
11. Gong H-Y, Rambo BM, Karnas E, Lynch VM, Sessler JL (2010) A Texas-sized molecular box
that forms an anion-induced supramolecular necklace. Nat Chem 2:406–409
12. Barnes JC, Jurίček M, Strutt NL, Frasconi M, Sampath S, Giesener MA, McGrier PL, Bruns CJ,
Stern CL, Sarjeant AA, Stoddart JF (2013) ExBox: a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon scavenger. J Am Chem Soc 135:183–192
13. Wang M-X (2018) Coronarenes: recent advances and perspectives on macrocyclic and supramolecular chemistry. Sci China Chem 61:993–1003
14. Chen C-F, Han Y (2018) Triptycene-derived macrocyclic arenes: from calixarenes to
helicarenes. Acc Chem Res 51:2093–2106
15. Jia F, He Z, Yang L-P, Pan Z-S, Yi M, Jiang R-W, Jiang W (2015) Oxatub[4]arene: a smart
macrocyclic receptor with multiple interconvertible cavities. Chem Sci 6:6731–6738
16. Lee S, Chen C-H, Flood AH (2013) A pentagonal cyanostar macrocycle with cyanostilbene CH
donors binds anions and forms dialkylphosphate [3]rotaxanes. Nat Chem 5:704–710
17. Svec J, Necas M, Sindelar V (2010) Bambus[6]uril. Angew Chem Int Ed 49:2378–2381
18. Ogoshi T, Kanai S, Fujinami S, Yamagishi T, Nakamoto Y (2008) para-Bridged symmetrical
pillar[5]arenes: their Lewis acid catalyzed synthesis and host-guest property. J Am Chem Soc
130:5022–5023
19. Guo D-S, Liu Y (2014) Supramolecular chemistry of p-sulfonatocalix[n]arenes and its biological applications. Acc Chem Res 47:1925–1934
20. Sliwa W, Kozlowski C (2009) Calixarenes and resorcinarenes: synthesis, properties and
applications. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
21. Hardie MJ (2010) Recent advances in the chemistry of cyclotriveratrylene. Chem Soc Rev
39:516–527
22. Xue M, Yang Y, Chi X, Zhang Z, Huang F (2012) Pillararenes, a new class of macrocycles
for supramolecular chemistry. Acc Chem Res 45:1294–1308
23. Gale PA, Sessler JL, Kral V, Lynch V (1996) Calix[4]pyrroles: old yet new anion-binding
agents. J Am Chem Soc 118:5140–5141
24. Kim SK, Sessler JL, Gross DE, Lee C-H, Kim JS, Lynch VM, Delmau LH, Hay BP (2010)
A calix[4]arene strapped calix[4]pyrrole: an ion-pair receptor displaying three different cesium
cation recognition modes. J Am Chem Soc 132:5827–5836
25. Chen H, Fan J, Hu X, Ma J, Wang S, Li J, Yu Y, Jia X, Li C (2015) Biphen[n]arenes. Chem Sci
6:197–202
26. Dai L, Ding Z-J, Cui L, Li J, Jia X, Li C (2017) 2,2
0 -Biphen[n]arenes (n = 4–8): one-step,
high-yield synthesis, and host–guest properties. Chem Commun 53:12096–12099
27. Li B, Wang B, Huang X, Dai L, Cui L, Li J, Jia X, Li C (2019) Terphen[n]arenes and
Quaterphen[n]arenes (n = 3–6): one-pot synthesis, self-assembly into supramolecular gels,
and iodine capture. Angew Chem Int Ed 58:3885–3889
28. Hu X-B, Chen Z, Chen L, Zhang L, Hou J-L, Li Z-T (2012) Pillar[n]arenes (n = 8–10) with two
cavities: synthesis, structures and complexing properties. Chem Commun 48:10999–11001
29. Cheng X-J, Liang L-L, Chen K, Ji N-N, Xiao X, Zhang J-X, Zhang Y-Q, Xue S-F, Zhu Q-J,
Ni X-L, Tao Z (2013) Twisted cucurbit[14]uril. Angew Chem Int Ed 52:7252–7255
30. Cook TR, Stang PJ (2015) Recent developments in the preparation and chemistry of metallacycles and metallacages via coordination. Chem Rev 115:7001–7045
31. Fujita D, Ueda Y, Sato S, Yokoyama H, Mizuno N, Kumasaka T, Fujita M (2016) Self-assembly
of M30L60 icosidodecahedron. Chem 1:91–101
32. Chichak KS, Cantrill SJ, Pease AR, Chiu S-H, Cave GWV, Atwood JL, Stoddart JF (2004)
Molecular borromean rings. Science 304:1308–1312
33. Jin Y, Wang Q, Taynton P, Zhang W (2014) Dynamic covalent chemistry approaches toward
macrocycles, molecular cages, and polymers. Acc Chem Res 47:1575–1586
338
B. Li et al.
links, and entanglements. Chem Rev 111:5434–5464
10. Erbas-Cakmak S, Leigh DA, McTernan CT, Nussbaumer AL (2015) Artificial molecular
machines. Chem Rev 115:10081–10206
11. Gong H-Y, Rambo BM, Karnas E, Lynch VM, Sessler JL (2010) A Texas-sized molecular box
that forms an anion-induced supramolecular necklace. Nat Chem 2:406–409
12. Barnes JC, Jurίček M, Strutt NL, Frasconi M, Sampath S, Giesener MA, McGrier PL, Bruns CJ,
Stern CL, Sarjeant AA, Stoddart JF (2013) ExBox: a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon scavenger. J Am Chem Soc 135:183–192
13. Wang M-X (2018) Coronarenes: recent advances and perspectives on macrocyclic and supramolecular chemistry. Sci China Chem 61:993–1003
14. Chen C-F, Han Y (2018) Triptycene-derived macrocyclic arenes: from calixarenes to
helicarenes. Acc Chem Res 51:2093–2106
15. Jia F, He Z, Yang L-P, Pan Z-S, Yi M, Jiang R-W, Jiang W (2015) Oxatub[4]arene: a smart
macrocyclic receptor with multiple interconvertible cavities. Chem Sci 6:6731–6738
16. Lee S, Chen C-H, Flood AH (2013) A pentagonal cyanostar macrocycle with cyanostilbene CH
donors binds anions and forms dialkylphosphate [3]rotaxanes. Nat Chem 5:704–710
17. Svec J, Necas M, Sindelar V (2010) Bambus[6]uril. Angew Chem Int Ed 49:2378–2381
18. Ogoshi T, Kanai S, Fujinami S, Yamagishi T, Nakamoto Y (2008) para-Bridged symmetrical
pillar[5]arenes: their Lewis acid catalyzed synthesis and host-guest property. J Am Chem Soc
130:5022–5023
19. Guo D-S, Liu Y (2014) Supramolecular chemistry of p-sulfonatocalix[n]arenes and its biological applications. Acc Chem Res 47:1925–1934
20. Sliwa W, Kozlowski C (2009) Calixarenes and resorcinarenes: synthesis, properties and
applications. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
21. Hardie MJ (2010) Recent advances in the chemistry of cyclotriveratrylene. Chem Soc Rev
39:516–527
22. Xue M, Yang Y, Chi X, Zhang Z, Huang F (2012) Pillararenes, a new class of macrocycles
for supramolecular chemistry. Acc Chem Res 45:1294–1308
23. Gale PA, Sessler JL, Kral V, Lynch V (1996) Calix[4]pyrroles: old yet new anion-binding
agents. J Am Chem Soc 118:5140–5141
24. Kim SK, Sessler JL, Gross DE, Lee C-H, Kim JS, Lynch VM, Delmau LH, Hay BP (2010)
A calix[4]arene strapped calix[4]pyrrole: an ion-pair receptor displaying three different cesium
cation recognition modes. J Am Chem Soc 132:5827–5836
25. Chen H, Fan J, Hu X, Ma J, Wang S, Li J, Yu Y, Jia X, Li C (2015) Biphen[n]arenes. Chem Sci
6:197–202
26. Dai L, Ding Z-J, Cui L, Li J, Jia X, Li C (2017) 2,2
0 -Biphen[n]arenes (n = 4–8): one-step,
high-yield synthesis, and host–guest properties. Chem Commun 53:12096–12099
27. Li B, Wang B, Huang X, Dai L, Cui L, Li J, Jia X, Li C (2019) Terphen[n]arenes and
Quaterphen[n]arenes (n = 3–6): one-pot synthesis, self-assembly into supramolecular gels,
and iodine capture. Angew Chem Int Ed 58:3885–3889
28. Hu X-B, Chen Z, Chen L, Zhang L, Hou J-L, Li Z-T (2012) Pillar[n]arenes (n = 8–10) with two
cavities: synthesis, structures and complexing properties. Chem Commun 48:10999–11001
29. Cheng X-J, Liang L-L, Chen K, Ji N-N, Xiao X, Zhang J-X, Zhang Y-Q, Xue S-F, Zhu Q-J,
Ni X-L, Tao Z (2013) Twisted cucurbit[14]uril. Angew Chem Int Ed 52:7252–7255
30. Cook TR, Stang PJ (2015) Recent developments in the preparation and chemistry of metallacycles and metallacages via coordination. Chem Rev 115:7001–7045
31. Fujita D, Ueda Y, Sato S, Yokoyama H, Mizuno N, Kumasaka T, Fujita M (2016) Self-assembly
of M30L60 icosidodecahedron. Chem 1:91–101
32. Chichak KS, Cantrill SJ, Pease AR, Chiu S-H, Cave GWV, Atwood JL, Stoddart JF (2004)
Molecular borromean rings. Science 304:1308–1312
33. Jin Y, Wang Q, Taynton P, Zhang W (2014) Dynamic covalent chemistry approaches toward
macrocycles, molecular cages, and polymers. Acc Chem Res 47:1575–1586
338
B. Li et al.