530
1.2 Plans for Irrigation Development in Tanzania
The government of Tanzania is determined to enhance agricultural production. This
can be seen from the various strategies and policies formulated. For example, in
1994, the National Irrigation Development Plan (NIDP) was prepared to enhance
agricultural production and ensure food security. The NIDP proposed 147 irrigation
schemes to help in the alleviation of the many agricultural production constraints.
Since then, several policies and strategies have been formulated, which include the
Tanzania Development Vision 2025, National Poverty Eradication Strategy (NPES),
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), Rural Development Strategy (RDS), The
National Strategy for Growth and Reduction Poverty (NSGRP), The National
Irrigation Master Plan (NIMP), Agriculture Sector Development Programme
(ASDP), The Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT), The
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) and The
National Irrigation Policy of 2010. The National Irrigation Master Plan (NIMP) of
2002 (revised in 2018) was launched to achieve the Agricultural Sector Development
Strategy (ASDS) objective of sustainable irrigation development for increased agricultural productivity and profitability. The NIMP addresses development of irrigation schemes, with emphasis on smallholder farmers. The ASDP was launched in
2006 with the main goal to achieve a sustained agricultural growth rate of 5%
per annum through transformation from subsistence to commercial agriculture. The
transformation was to be private-sector led through public–private partnerships and
implementation of the District Agricultural Development Plans (DADPs).
Tanzania has recently launched the Agricultural Development Plan Second
Sector Phase Two (ASDP II). The 5-year plan is one of the key instruments that the
government uses to meet Tanzania Development Vision (TDV) 2025 and will be
implemented until 2023. The objective of the ASDP II is to transform the agricultural sector (crops, livestock and fisheries) towards higher productivity, commercialization level and smallholder farmer income for improved livelihood, ‘food
security and nutrition’ (URT 2016a, b). ASDP II targets are to be achieved by
2024–2025: (i) inclusive and sustainable agricultural growth of 6% per annum; (ii)
reduced rural poverty (reduce the percentage of the rural population living below
the poverty line from 33.3% in 2011–2012 to 24% in 2025); and (iii) enhanced
“food security and nutrition” (reduce the percentage of rural households (HHs)
living below food poverty line from 11.3% in 2011–2012 to 5% in 2025). According
to the plan, the government of Tanzania would finance about 38% of the programme, development partners would provide 57% (37% on budget) and the beneficiaries/farmers would finance the remaining 5%. The ASDS-2 reflects the
changes in the overall economic environment and the policies and programmes
that emerged over the years. ASDS-2 sets a new direction for the development of
the sector, integrates the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development
Programme (CAADP) objectives and reflects most of the vision and principles
enunciated in the Tanzania Agriculture and Food Security Investment Plan
(TAFSIP). The key priorities for ASDS-2 include: (i) the role of science and techJ. J. Kashaigili
1.2 Plans for Irrigation Development in Tanzania
The government of Tanzania is determined to enhance agricultural production. This
can be seen from the various strategies and policies formulated. For example, in
1994, the National Irrigation Development Plan (NIDP) was prepared to enhance
agricultural production and ensure food security. The NIDP proposed 147 irrigation
schemes to help in the alleviation of the many agricultural production constraints.
Since then, several policies and strategies have been formulated, which include the
Tanzania Development Vision 2025, National Poverty Eradication Strategy (NPES),
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), Rural Development Strategy (RDS), The
National Strategy for Growth and Reduction Poverty (NSGRP), The National
Irrigation Master Plan (NIMP), Agriculture Sector Development Programme
(ASDP), The Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT), The
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) and The
National Irrigation Policy of 2010. The National Irrigation Master Plan (NIMP) of
2002 (revised in 2018) was launched to achieve the Agricultural Sector Development
Strategy (ASDS) objective of sustainable irrigation development for increased agricultural productivity and profitability. The NIMP addresses development of irrigation schemes, with emphasis on smallholder farmers. The ASDP was launched in
2006 with the main goal to achieve a sustained agricultural growth rate of 5%
per annum through transformation from subsistence to commercial agriculture. The
transformation was to be private-sector led through public–private partnerships and
implementation of the District Agricultural Development Plans (DADPs).
Tanzania has recently launched the Agricultural Development Plan Second
Sector Phase Two (ASDP II). The 5-year plan is one of the key instruments that the
government uses to meet Tanzania Development Vision (TDV) 2025 and will be
implemented until 2023. The objective of the ASDP II is to transform the agricultural sector (crops, livestock and fisheries) towards higher productivity, commercialization level and smallholder farmer income for improved livelihood, ‘food
security and nutrition’ (URT 2016a, b). ASDP II targets are to be achieved by
2024–2025: (i) inclusive and sustainable agricultural growth of 6% per annum; (ii)
reduced rural poverty (reduce the percentage of the rural population living below
the poverty line from 33.3% in 2011–2012 to 24% in 2025); and (iii) enhanced
“food security and nutrition” (reduce the percentage of rural households (HHs)
living below food poverty line from 11.3% in 2011–2012 to 5% in 2025). According
to the plan, the government of Tanzania would finance about 38% of the programme, development partners would provide 57% (37% on budget) and the beneficiaries/farmers would finance the remaining 5%. The ASDS-2 reflects the
changes in the overall economic environment and the policies and programmes
that emerged over the years. ASDS-2 sets a new direction for the development of
the sector, integrates the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development
Programme (CAADP) objectives and reflects most of the vision and principles
enunciated in the Tanzania Agriculture and Food Security Investment Plan
(TAFSIP). The key priorities for ASDS-2 include: (i) the role of science and techJ. J. Kashaigili