443
Ativor IN, Afreh-Nuamah K, Billah MK, Obeng-Ofori D (2012) Weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda (Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) activity reduces fruit fly damage in citrus
orchards. J Agric Sci Technol A 2(2012):449–458
CABI (2005) Crop protection compendium CD ROM. CABI. Available online: at www.cabicompendium.org/cpc. Visited 15th Sept, 2013
Christian K, Peng R, Lan LP (2008) Implementation of the IPM program using weaver ants as a
major component for cashew growers in Vietnam. Proceedings of the good agronomic practices
workshop, in Binh Thuan, Vietnam, 21–22 July 2008, 10pp
Cole AC, Jones JW (1948) A study of the weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius). Am
Midl Nat 39:641–651
Crozier RH, Newey PS, Schluns EA, Robson SK (2009) A masterpiece evolution-Oecophylla
weaver ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecol News 13:57–71
Das AMB, Mandal M (2010) An economic analysis of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) cultivation
through stem cutting and tissue culture propague in India trends. J Agric Econ 3:216–222
Dwomoh EA, Acknor JB, Afun JVK (2008) Survey of insect species associated with
cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn.) and their distribution in Ghana. Afr J Agric Res
3(3):205–214
Dwomoh EA, Afun JV, Ackonor JB, Agene VN (2009) Investigations on Oecophylla longinoda
(Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as a biocontrol agent in the protection of cashew plantations. Pest Manag Sci 65:41–46
Evans E (2015) Marginal analysis: an economic procedure for selecting alternative technologies
practices. Department of Food and Resource Economics (Inst. Food Agr. Sci. Publ., Univ. of
Florida, Gainesville, FL), 29pp
FAOSTAT (2018). http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC. Visited 17th May, 2018
Frank E, Tina R, Heiko S (2015) Reducing pesticide use and risks – what action is needed? Briefing
paper. Helvetas Swiss Interco-operation, Switzerland, 31pp. Germany. IntechOpen publishers.
www.intechopen.com, 498pp
Hammed LA, Anikwe JC, Adedaji AR (2008) Cashew nuts and production development in Nigeria.
Am –Euras. J Sci Res 3(1):54–61
Hölldobler B, Wilson EO (1990) The ants. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge,
MA, 732pp
ICIPE (2011) Integrated management of major insect pests and diseases of cashew in East and
Western Africa. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH and The
Advisory Service on Agricultural Research for Development, 2pp. http://www.giz.de/expertise/downloads/giz2011-en-factsheet-icipe-integrated-management-insect-pests.pdf. Visited
1st Oct, 2014
Lokkers C (1986) The distribution of the weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius)
(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in northern Australia. Aust J Zool 34:683–687
Majer JD (1986) Utilizing economically beneficial ants. In: Bradleigh S (ed) Economic impact and
control of social insects. Vinson Praeger, New York, pp 314–331
Martin PJ, Topper CP, Bashiru RA, Boma F, De Waal D, Harries HC, Kasuga LJ, Katanila N,
Kikoka LP, Lamboll R, Maddison AC, Majule AE, Masawe PA, Milanzi KJ, Nathaniels NQ,
Shomari SH, Sijaona ME, Stathers T (1997) Cashew nut production in Tanzania: constraints
and progress through integrated crop management. Crop Prot 16(1):5–14
Maruthadurai R, Desai AR, Prabhu HRC, Singh NP (2012) Insect pests of cashew and their
management. Technical Bulletin No. 28, ICAR Research Complex for Goa, Old Goa, 18pp
Mitchell P (2000) Leaf-footed bugs (Coreidae). In: Schaefer CW, Panizzi AR (eds) Heteroptera
of economic importance. CRC Press, Boca Raton\London\New York\Washington, DC,
pp 337–403
NARI (2010) Agricultural research Annual Report. Government printer, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania,
pp 23–25
Nene W, Rwegasira GM, Mwatawala M (2017) Optimizing a method for locating queen nests
of the weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in cashew,
Anacardium occidentale L. Plantations in Tanzania. Crop Prot 102(2017):81–87. © 2017
Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.08.013
Economic Rationale of Using African Weaver Ants, Oecophylla longinoda…
Ativor IN, Afreh-Nuamah K, Billah MK, Obeng-Ofori D (2012) Weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda (Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) activity reduces fruit fly damage in citrus
orchards. J Agric Sci Technol A 2(2012):449–458
CABI (2005) Crop protection compendium CD ROM. CABI. Available online: at www.cabicompendium.org/cpc. Visited 15th Sept, 2013
Christian K, Peng R, Lan LP (2008) Implementation of the IPM program using weaver ants as a
major component for cashew growers in Vietnam. Proceedings of the good agronomic practices
workshop, in Binh Thuan, Vietnam, 21–22 July 2008, 10pp
Cole AC, Jones JW (1948) A study of the weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius). Am
Midl Nat 39:641–651
Crozier RH, Newey PS, Schluns EA, Robson SK (2009) A masterpiece evolution-Oecophylla
weaver ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecol News 13:57–71
Das AMB, Mandal M (2010) An economic analysis of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) cultivation
through stem cutting and tissue culture propague in India trends. J Agric Econ 3:216–222
Dwomoh EA, Acknor JB, Afun JVK (2008) Survey of insect species associated with
cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn.) and their distribution in Ghana. Afr J Agric Res
3(3):205–214
Dwomoh EA, Afun JV, Ackonor JB, Agene VN (2009) Investigations on Oecophylla longinoda
(Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as a biocontrol agent in the protection of cashew plantations. Pest Manag Sci 65:41–46
Evans E (2015) Marginal analysis: an economic procedure for selecting alternative technologies
practices. Department of Food and Resource Economics (Inst. Food Agr. Sci. Publ., Univ. of
Florida, Gainesville, FL), 29pp
FAOSTAT (2018). http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC. Visited 17th May, 2018
Frank E, Tina R, Heiko S (2015) Reducing pesticide use and risks – what action is needed? Briefing
paper. Helvetas Swiss Interco-operation, Switzerland, 31pp. Germany. IntechOpen publishers.
www.intechopen.com, 498pp
Hammed LA, Anikwe JC, Adedaji AR (2008) Cashew nuts and production development in Nigeria.
Am –Euras. J Sci Res 3(1):54–61
Hölldobler B, Wilson EO (1990) The ants. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge,
MA, 732pp
ICIPE (2011) Integrated management of major insect pests and diseases of cashew in East and
Western Africa. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH and The
Advisory Service on Agricultural Research for Development, 2pp. http://www.giz.de/expertise/downloads/giz2011-en-factsheet-icipe-integrated-management-insect-pests.pdf. Visited
1st Oct, 2014
Lokkers C (1986) The distribution of the weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius)
(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in northern Australia. Aust J Zool 34:683–687
Majer JD (1986) Utilizing economically beneficial ants. In: Bradleigh S (ed) Economic impact and
control of social insects. Vinson Praeger, New York, pp 314–331
Martin PJ, Topper CP, Bashiru RA, Boma F, De Waal D, Harries HC, Kasuga LJ, Katanila N,
Kikoka LP, Lamboll R, Maddison AC, Majule AE, Masawe PA, Milanzi KJ, Nathaniels NQ,
Shomari SH, Sijaona ME, Stathers T (1997) Cashew nut production in Tanzania: constraints
and progress through integrated crop management. Crop Prot 16(1):5–14
Maruthadurai R, Desai AR, Prabhu HRC, Singh NP (2012) Insect pests of cashew and their
management. Technical Bulletin No. 28, ICAR Research Complex for Goa, Old Goa, 18pp
Mitchell P (2000) Leaf-footed bugs (Coreidae). In: Schaefer CW, Panizzi AR (eds) Heteroptera
of economic importance. CRC Press, Boca Raton\London\New York\Washington, DC,
pp 337–403
NARI (2010) Agricultural research Annual Report. Government printer, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania,
pp 23–25
Nene W, Rwegasira GM, Mwatawala M (2017) Optimizing a method for locating queen nests
of the weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in cashew,
Anacardium occidentale L. Plantations in Tanzania. Crop Prot 102(2017):81–87. © 2017
Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.08.013
Economic Rationale of Using African Weaver Ants, Oecophylla longinoda…