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Barrett H, Browne A (1996) Export horticultural production in sub-Saharan Africa: the incorporation of the Gambia. Geography 81(1):47–56
Bernard T, Spielman DJ (2009) Reaching the rural poor through rural producer organizations? A
study of agricultural marketing cooperatives in Ethiopia. Food Policy 34(1):60–69
Bingen J, Serrano A et al (2003) Linking farmers to markets: different approaches to human capital
development. Food Policy 28(4):405–419
Bolwig S, Gibbon P et al (2009) The economics of smallholder organic contract farming in tropical
Africa. World Dev 37(6):1094–1104
Carney JA (1992) Peasant women and economic transformation in the Gambia. Dev Chang
23(2):67–90
Chevallier M (2011) The cooperatives’ sources of efficiency: a catalyst for the emergence of localized norms. J Coop Stud 44(1):31–40
Coulter JA, Goodland A et al (1999) Marrying farmer cooperation and contract farming for
service provision in a liberalizing Sub-Saharan Africa. Overseas Development Institute,
London. Natural Resources Perspectives, No. 48: 1–4. https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/
files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/2869.pdf. Accessed 10 Dec 2018
Danielou M, Ravry C (2005) The rise of Ghana’s pineapple industry. Africa Region Working
Paper Series 93. The World Bank, Africa Region, Washington, DC. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/788441468035966030/pdf/349970PAPER0GH0Pineapple0AFRwp93.
pdf. Accessed 01 Mar 2019
de Janvry A, Sadoulet E et al (1993) Introduction to a special section, state, market, and civil
organizations: new theories, new practices, and their implications for rural development. World
Dev 21:565–575
Delgado CL (2003) Rising consumption of meat and milk in developing countries has created a
new food revolution. J Nutr (Special Edition) 133(11):3907–3910
Develtere P, Pollet I et al (2008) Cooperating out of poverty: the renaissance of the African cooperative Movement. https://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/ent/coop/africa/download/
coop_out_of_poverty.pdf. Accessed 10 Dec 2018
Diao X, Hazell PB et al (2007) The role of agriculture in development: implications for SubSaharan Africa, vol 153. International Food Policy Research Institute. https://ageconsearch.
umn.edu/record/55405/files/dsgdp29.pdf. Accessed 14 Dec 2018
Dolan C, Humphrey J (2000) Governance and trade in fresh vegetables: the impact of UK supermarkets on the African horticulture industry. J Dev Stud 37(2):147–176
Eaton C, Shepherd A (2001) Contract farming: partnerships for growth. http://www.fao.org/3/
y0937e/y0937e00.pdf. Accessed 14 Dec 2018
Fafchamps M, Minten B (2012) Impact of SMS-based agricultural information on Indian farmers.
World Bank Econ Rev 26(3):383–414
Fafchamps M, Gabre-Madhin E et al (2005) Increasing returns and market efficiency in agricultural trade. J Dev Econ 78:406–442
Fischer E, Qaim M (2011) Linking smallholders to markets: determinants and impacts of farmer
collective action in Kenya. World Dev 40(6):1255–1268
Fischer E, Qaim M (2012) Gender, agricultural commercialization, and collective action in Kenya.
Food Secur 4(3):441–453
Gorman M, Webber M (2010) Understanding the value chain and integrating information into
strategy—Nigerian domestic catfish. In: Webber CM, Labaste P (eds) Building competitiveness in Africa’s agriculture. A guide to value chain concepts and applications. World Bank,
Washington, DC, pp 49–54
Henson S, Humphrey J (2010) Understanding the complexities of private standards in global agrifood chains as they impact developing countries. J Dev Stud 46(9):1628–1646
Hobbs JE (1996) A transaction cost approach to supply chain management. J Supply Manag
1(2):15–27
Hobbs JE, Young LM (2000) Closer vertical co-ordination in agri-food supply chains: a conceptual
framework and some preliminary evidence. Supply Chain Manag 5(3):131–143
F. T. M. Kilima and L. R. Kurwijila
Barrett H, Browne A (1996) Export horticultural production in sub-Saharan Africa: the incorporation of the Gambia. Geography 81(1):47–56
Bernard T, Spielman DJ (2009) Reaching the rural poor through rural producer organizations? A
study of agricultural marketing cooperatives in Ethiopia. Food Policy 34(1):60–69
Bingen J, Serrano A et al (2003) Linking farmers to markets: different approaches to human capital
development. Food Policy 28(4):405–419
Bolwig S, Gibbon P et al (2009) The economics of smallholder organic contract farming in tropical
Africa. World Dev 37(6):1094–1104
Carney JA (1992) Peasant women and economic transformation in the Gambia. Dev Chang
23(2):67–90
Chevallier M (2011) The cooperatives’ sources of efficiency: a catalyst for the emergence of localized norms. J Coop Stud 44(1):31–40
Coulter JA, Goodland A et al (1999) Marrying farmer cooperation and contract farming for
service provision in a liberalizing Sub-Saharan Africa. Overseas Development Institute,
London. Natural Resources Perspectives, No. 48: 1–4. https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/
files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/2869.pdf. Accessed 10 Dec 2018
Danielou M, Ravry C (2005) The rise of Ghana’s pineapple industry. Africa Region Working
Paper Series 93. The World Bank, Africa Region, Washington, DC. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/788441468035966030/pdf/349970PAPER0GH0Pineapple0AFRwp93.
pdf. Accessed 01 Mar 2019
de Janvry A, Sadoulet E et al (1993) Introduction to a special section, state, market, and civil
organizations: new theories, new practices, and their implications for rural development. World
Dev 21:565–575
Delgado CL (2003) Rising consumption of meat and milk in developing countries has created a
new food revolution. J Nutr (Special Edition) 133(11):3907–3910
Develtere P, Pollet I et al (2008) Cooperating out of poverty: the renaissance of the African cooperative Movement. https://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/ent/coop/africa/download/
coop_out_of_poverty.pdf. Accessed 10 Dec 2018
Diao X, Hazell PB et al (2007) The role of agriculture in development: implications for SubSaharan Africa, vol 153. International Food Policy Research Institute. https://ageconsearch.
umn.edu/record/55405/files/dsgdp29.pdf. Accessed 14 Dec 2018
Dolan C, Humphrey J (2000) Governance and trade in fresh vegetables: the impact of UK supermarkets on the African horticulture industry. J Dev Stud 37(2):147–176
Eaton C, Shepherd A (2001) Contract farming: partnerships for growth. http://www.fao.org/3/
y0937e/y0937e00.pdf. Accessed 14 Dec 2018
Fafchamps M, Minten B (2012) Impact of SMS-based agricultural information on Indian farmers.
World Bank Econ Rev 26(3):383–414
Fafchamps M, Gabre-Madhin E et al (2005) Increasing returns and market efficiency in agricultural trade. J Dev Econ 78:406–442
Fischer E, Qaim M (2011) Linking smallholders to markets: determinants and impacts of farmer
collective action in Kenya. World Dev 40(6):1255–1268
Fischer E, Qaim M (2012) Gender, agricultural commercialization, and collective action in Kenya.
Food Secur 4(3):441–453
Gorman M, Webber M (2010) Understanding the value chain and integrating information into
strategy—Nigerian domestic catfish. In: Webber CM, Labaste P (eds) Building competitiveness in Africa’s agriculture. A guide to value chain concepts and applications. World Bank,
Washington, DC, pp 49–54
Henson S, Humphrey J (2010) Understanding the complexities of private standards in global agrifood chains as they impact developing countries. J Dev Stud 46(9):1628–1646
Hobbs JE (1996) A transaction cost approach to supply chain management. J Supply Manag
1(2):15–27
Hobbs JE, Young LM (2000) Closer vertical co-ordination in agri-food supply chains: a conceptual
framework and some preliminary evidence. Supply Chain Manag 5(3):131–143
F. T. M. Kilima and L. R. Kurwijila