19
Kalabamu FT (2019) Land tenure reforms and persistence of land conflicts in Sub-Saharan
Africa – the case of Botswana. Land Use Policy 81:337–345
Lal R (2007a) Promoting technology in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia. CSA News 52(7):10–13
Lal R (2007b) Tragedy of the global commons: soil, water and air. CSA News 52:10–11
Lal R (2015) Sustainable intensification for adaptation and mitigation of climate change and
advancement of food security in Africa. In: Lal R et al (eds) Sustainable intensification to
advance food security and enhance climate resilience in Africa. Springer International
Publishing Switzerland, Cham, pp 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09360-4
Lal R (2016a) Beyond COP 21: potential and challenges of the “4 per thousand” initiative. J Soil
Water Conserv 71:20A–25A
Lal R (2016c) Soil health and carbon management. Food Energy Secur 5(4):212–222
Lal R (2018a) Digging deeper. A wholistic perspective of factors affecting SOC sequestration.
Glob Chang Biol 24(8). https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14054
Lal R (2018b) Sustainable development goals and the IUSS. In: Lal R, Horn R, Kosaki T (eds) Soil
and sustainable development goals. Catena Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp 189–196
Lal R (2019) Ecointensification through soil carbon sequestration: harnessing ecosystem services
and advancing sustainable development goals. J Soil Water Conserv 74(3):55A–61A
Lal R, Smith P, Jungkunst HF, Mitsch W et al (2018a) The carbon sequestration potential of terrestrial ecosystems. J Soil Water Conserv 73:145A–152A
Lal R, Horn R, Kosaki T (eds) (2018b) Soil and sustainable development goals. Catena
Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, p 196
Le Quéré C, Andrew RM, Friedlingstein O, Sitch S, Hauck J, Pongratza J et al (2018) Global carbon budget. Earth Syst Sci Data 10:2141–2194
Leopold A (1949) The land ethic. In: A sand county Almanac. University of Colorado, Boulder
Lindsey R (2018) Climate change: atmospheric carbon dioxide. NOAA. Climate.gov
Loveland P, Webb J (2003) Is there critical level of organic matter in the agricultural soils of temperate regions: review. Soil Tillage Res 70:1–18
Malawi Government (2017) Malawi national agricultural investment plan (NAIP)
Mathews GA, Tunstall JP (2006) Smallholder cotton production in sub-Saharan Africa: an assessment of the way forward. Int J Pest Manag 52:149–153
Muyanga M, Jayne TS (2014) Effects of rising rural population density on smallholder agriculture.
Food Policy 48:98–113
New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) (2013) Agriculture in Africa. Transformation
and outlook. NEPAD, Midrand
NOAA-ESRL (2019) All time records high of for CO 2 daily averages. Daily CO 2 . https://www.
co2.earth/daily-co2
Tache B and Oba G (2010) Is poverty driving borana herders in southern ethiopia to crop cultivation? Human Ecology Vol. 38, No. 5 (OCTOBER 2010), pp. 639–649
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2015) World
Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Key Findings and Advance Tables. Working Paper
No. ESA/P/WP.241
VIB Fact Series (2017) IBPO’s fact series -Maize in Africa. http://www.vib.be/en/about-vib/
Documents/VIB_MaizeInAfrica_EN_2017.pdf
World Bank (2017) World Development Indicators 2017. Washington, DC. © World Bank. https://
openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/26447 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO., accessed
June 5, 2019.
World Bank (2018) Malawi systematic country diagnostic: breaking the cycle of low growth and
slow poverty reduction. The World Bank, Washington, DC
ITPS and FAO 2018. Global soil organic carbon map. Technical Report. Rome. 162 pp.
World Bank data (2019) https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.GROW?locations=ZG-ZF
WMO (2019) Greenhouse Gas Bulletin #15. The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere
Based on Global Observations Through 2018. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva,
Switzerland.
Agricultural and Natural Resource Sustainability Under Changing Climate in Africa
Kalabamu FT (2019) Land tenure reforms and persistence of land conflicts in Sub-Saharan
Africa – the case of Botswana. Land Use Policy 81:337–345
Lal R (2007a) Promoting technology in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia. CSA News 52(7):10–13
Lal R (2007b) Tragedy of the global commons: soil, water and air. CSA News 52:10–11
Lal R (2015) Sustainable intensification for adaptation and mitigation of climate change and
advancement of food security in Africa. In: Lal R et al (eds) Sustainable intensification to
advance food security and enhance climate resilience in Africa. Springer International
Publishing Switzerland, Cham, pp 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09360-4
Lal R (2016a) Beyond COP 21: potential and challenges of the “4 per thousand” initiative. J Soil
Water Conserv 71:20A–25A
Lal R (2016c) Soil health and carbon management. Food Energy Secur 5(4):212–222
Lal R (2018a) Digging deeper. A wholistic perspective of factors affecting SOC sequestration.
Glob Chang Biol 24(8). https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14054
Lal R (2018b) Sustainable development goals and the IUSS. In: Lal R, Horn R, Kosaki T (eds) Soil
and sustainable development goals. Catena Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp 189–196
Lal R (2019) Ecointensification through soil carbon sequestration: harnessing ecosystem services
and advancing sustainable development goals. J Soil Water Conserv 74(3):55A–61A
Lal R, Smith P, Jungkunst HF, Mitsch W et al (2018a) The carbon sequestration potential of terrestrial ecosystems. J Soil Water Conserv 73:145A–152A
Lal R, Horn R, Kosaki T (eds) (2018b) Soil and sustainable development goals. Catena
Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, p 196
Le Quéré C, Andrew RM, Friedlingstein O, Sitch S, Hauck J, Pongratza J et al (2018) Global carbon budget. Earth Syst Sci Data 10:2141–2194
Leopold A (1949) The land ethic. In: A sand county Almanac. University of Colorado, Boulder
Lindsey R (2018) Climate change: atmospheric carbon dioxide. NOAA. Climate.gov
Loveland P, Webb J (2003) Is there critical level of organic matter in the agricultural soils of temperate regions: review. Soil Tillage Res 70:1–18
Malawi Government (2017) Malawi national agricultural investment plan (NAIP)
Mathews GA, Tunstall JP (2006) Smallholder cotton production in sub-Saharan Africa: an assessment of the way forward. Int J Pest Manag 52:149–153
Muyanga M, Jayne TS (2014) Effects of rising rural population density on smallholder agriculture.
Food Policy 48:98–113
New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) (2013) Agriculture in Africa. Transformation
and outlook. NEPAD, Midrand
NOAA-ESRL (2019) All time records high of for CO 2 daily averages. Daily CO 2 . https://www.
co2.earth/daily-co2
Tache B and Oba G (2010) Is poverty driving borana herders in southern ethiopia to crop cultivation? Human Ecology Vol. 38, No. 5 (OCTOBER 2010), pp. 639–649
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2015) World
Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Key Findings and Advance Tables. Working Paper
No. ESA/P/WP.241
VIB Fact Series (2017) IBPO’s fact series -Maize in Africa. http://www.vib.be/en/about-vib/
Documents/VIB_MaizeInAfrica_EN_2017.pdf
World Bank (2017) World Development Indicators 2017. Washington, DC. © World Bank. https://
openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/26447 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO., accessed
June 5, 2019.
World Bank (2018) Malawi systematic country diagnostic: breaking the cycle of low growth and
slow poverty reduction. The World Bank, Washington, DC
ITPS and FAO 2018. Global soil organic carbon map. Technical Report. Rome. 162 pp.
World Bank data (2019) https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.GROW?locations=ZG-ZF
WMO (2019) Greenhouse Gas Bulletin #15. The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere
Based on Global Observations Through 2018. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva,
Switzerland.
Agricultural and Natural Resource Sustainability Under Changing Climate in Africa