326
paper recommends understanding of sociopolitical context, in this case local institutions as a prerequisite for any development intervention. The top-down approaches
used by the BVC indicated traces of centralised management, which can also be
seen at district level. Thus, the empowerment of the community also depends on
community members being awarded equal power in participatory decision-making,
which also ensures integrated management planning as varied interests are incorporated into the development process.
References
Agarwal B (2001) Participatory exclusions, community forestry, and gender: an analysis for South
Asia and a conceptual framework. World Dev 29(10):1623–1648
Arnstein SR (1969) A ladder of citizen participation. J Am Inst Plann 35(4):216–224
Béné C, Belal E, Ousman MB, Ovie S, Raji A, Malasha I, Njaya F, Andi MN, Russell A, Neiland
A (2009) Power struggle, dispute and alliance over local resources: analyzing ‘Democratic’
decentralization of natural resources through the lenses of Africa inland fisheries. World Dev
37(12):1935–1950
Brown K (2002) Innovations for conservation and development. Geogr J 168(1):6–17
CARE-Malawi (2013) The Community Score Card (CSC): a generic guide for implementing
CARE’s CSC process to improve quality of services. Cooperative for Assistance and Relief
Everywhere, Inc
Chambers R (1997) Whose reality counts?: putting the first last. Intermediate Technology
Publications Ltd (ITP)
Chinsinga B (2005) District Assemblies in a fix: the perils of the politics of capacity in the
political and administrative reforms in Malawi. Dev South Afr 22(4):529–548. https://doi.
org/10.1080/03768350500322891
Chiwaula LS, Chirwa GC, Binauli LS, Banda J, Nagoli J (2018) Gender differences in willingness to pay for capital-intensive agricultural technologies: the case of fish solar tent dryers in
Malawi. Agric Food Econ 6(1):1–15
Cleaver F (1999) Paradoxes of participation: questioning participatory approaches to development.
J Int Dev 11(4):597
Cleaver F (2002) Reinventing institutions: bricolage and the social embeddedness of natural
resource management. Eur J Dev Res 14(2):11–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/714000425
Fabricius C (2004) The fundamentals of community-based natural resource management. In:
Fabricius C, Koch E, Magome H, Turner S (eds) Rights, resources and rural development:
community-based natural resource management in Southern Africa. Earthscan, London
GoM (1998a) Local Government Act, 8 March 1999. Lilongwe, Government of Malawi
GoM (1998b) Malawi National Decentralization Policy. Government of Malawi, Decentralization
Secretariat, Lilongwe
Hara M, Donda S, Njaya (2002) Lessons from Malawi’s experience with fisheries co-management
initiatives. In: Geheb K, Sarch MT (eds) Africa’s inland fisheries: the management challenge.
Fountain Publishers, Kampala, pp 31–48
Hara M, Jul-Larsen E (2003) The “lords” of Malombe: an analysis of fishery development and
changes in fishing effort on Lake Malombe, Malawi. FAO Fish Tech Pap 2:179–200
Hara M, Donda S, Ngochera, Berge E (2014) Fragmentation of natural resource management
on the Southeast Arm of Lake Malawi and the Conceptual Framework. In: Fragmentation of
resource management on the South East Arm of Lake Malawi. LIT Verlag, Zürich, pp 1–15
Haraldsdottir G (2002) Cooperation and conflicting interests: an ethnography of fishing and fish
trading on the shores of Lake Malawi. Monography. University of Iowa, Anthropology, Iowa.
253 pp
F. W. Kayamba-Phiri et al.
paper recommends understanding of sociopolitical context, in this case local institutions as a prerequisite for any development intervention. The top-down approaches
used by the BVC indicated traces of centralised management, which can also be
seen at district level. Thus, the empowerment of the community also depends on
community members being awarded equal power in participatory decision-making,
which also ensures integrated management planning as varied interests are incorporated into the development process.
References
Agarwal B (2001) Participatory exclusions, community forestry, and gender: an analysis for South
Asia and a conceptual framework. World Dev 29(10):1623–1648
Arnstein SR (1969) A ladder of citizen participation. J Am Inst Plann 35(4):216–224
Béné C, Belal E, Ousman MB, Ovie S, Raji A, Malasha I, Njaya F, Andi MN, Russell A, Neiland
A (2009) Power struggle, dispute and alliance over local resources: analyzing ‘Democratic’
decentralization of natural resources through the lenses of Africa inland fisheries. World Dev
37(12):1935–1950
Brown K (2002) Innovations for conservation and development. Geogr J 168(1):6–17
CARE-Malawi (2013) The Community Score Card (CSC): a generic guide for implementing
CARE’s CSC process to improve quality of services. Cooperative for Assistance and Relief
Everywhere, Inc
Chambers R (1997) Whose reality counts?: putting the first last. Intermediate Technology
Publications Ltd (ITP)
Chinsinga B (2005) District Assemblies in a fix: the perils of the politics of capacity in the
political and administrative reforms in Malawi. Dev South Afr 22(4):529–548. https://doi.
org/10.1080/03768350500322891
Chiwaula LS, Chirwa GC, Binauli LS, Banda J, Nagoli J (2018) Gender differences in willingness to pay for capital-intensive agricultural technologies: the case of fish solar tent dryers in
Malawi. Agric Food Econ 6(1):1–15
Cleaver F (1999) Paradoxes of participation: questioning participatory approaches to development.
J Int Dev 11(4):597
Cleaver F (2002) Reinventing institutions: bricolage and the social embeddedness of natural
resource management. Eur J Dev Res 14(2):11–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/714000425
Fabricius C (2004) The fundamentals of community-based natural resource management. In:
Fabricius C, Koch E, Magome H, Turner S (eds) Rights, resources and rural development:
community-based natural resource management in Southern Africa. Earthscan, London
GoM (1998a) Local Government Act, 8 March 1999. Lilongwe, Government of Malawi
GoM (1998b) Malawi National Decentralization Policy. Government of Malawi, Decentralization
Secretariat, Lilongwe
Hara M, Donda S, Njaya (2002) Lessons from Malawi’s experience with fisheries co-management
initiatives. In: Geheb K, Sarch MT (eds) Africa’s inland fisheries: the management challenge.
Fountain Publishers, Kampala, pp 31–48
Hara M, Jul-Larsen E (2003) The “lords” of Malombe: an analysis of fishery development and
changes in fishing effort on Lake Malombe, Malawi. FAO Fish Tech Pap 2:179–200
Hara M, Donda S, Ngochera, Berge E (2014) Fragmentation of natural resource management
on the Southeast Arm of Lake Malawi and the Conceptual Framework. In: Fragmentation of
resource management on the South East Arm of Lake Malawi. LIT Verlag, Zürich, pp 1–15
Haraldsdottir G (2002) Cooperation and conflicting interests: an ethnography of fishing and fish
trading on the shores of Lake Malawi. Monography. University of Iowa, Anthropology, Iowa.
253 pp
F. W. Kayamba-Phiri et al.