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bushes, shrubs, as well tree leaves and pods), which may be augmented by crop residues in the agropastoral production systems. On the other hand, feedlot operations
are carried out in the central highlands using concentrate feeds composed of different agroindustrial by-products (oilseed cakes and brans) and a small amount of dry
roughages (hays or straws). Feeding and conditioning of the animals in the feedlots
is carried out for about 2–3 months before slaughter or live export. In this typical
stratified beef production system, the breeding herd and the young stock are kept in
the pastoral areas while the final fattening and finishing is done in feedlots in the
central highlands of the country.
The stratification of the production system is based on relative livestock and feed
resource endowment of the pastoral areas vs. the highlands and access to markets
for livestock production inputs and conditioned animals. Most feedlots are located
in the central parts of the country, particularly around Mojo, Adama, Wonji,
Melkassa, and Adami Tullu areas. This gives them easy access to agroindustrial byproducts such as wheat bran, oilseed cakes, and molasses, which form a major portion of the concentrate mix fed to the animals. Purchased native grass hay and straws
of tef and/or wheat make up the roughage component of the diet. Properly formulated and uniformly mixed best cost ration is recommended for rapid body weight
gain at best cost.
The stratified beef production system linking the pastoral area with feedlots and
export abattoirs plays beneficial roles to various actors along the value chain, which
include the following:
• It creates market opportunities for the pastoral livestock keepers and increases
the off-take rate of pastoral herds and flocks.
• It reduces grazing pressure on the rangelands by moving some animals out of the
system to the feedlots.
• It creates employment and livelihood opportunities for various actors along the
value chain (pastoralists, livestock traders, transporters, feedlot operators, live
animal and meat exporters, abattoirs, butcheries, etc.).
• It increases the contribution of the livestock sector to the national economy and
foreign currency earning of the country through the export of live animals and
animal products.
5 The Influence of SPS-LMM on Livestock and Meat Export
5.1 The Status of Livestock and Livestock and Meat Export
Prior to the Project
Livestock and livestock products are among the top five export commodities in
Ethiopia (IGAD-ICPALD 2013). The annual meat export potential of Ethiopia was
estimated at 72,000 metric tons (MT) of meat, valued at $136 million (LMA 2004).
However, in 2005/2006 Ethiopian fiscal year, prior to the commencement of the
A. Tolera and L. O. Eik
bushes, shrubs, as well tree leaves and pods), which may be augmented by crop residues in the agropastoral production systems. On the other hand, feedlot operations
are carried out in the central highlands using concentrate feeds composed of different agroindustrial by-products (oilseed cakes and brans) and a small amount of dry
roughages (hays or straws). Feeding and conditioning of the animals in the feedlots
is carried out for about 2–3 months before slaughter or live export. In this typical
stratified beef production system, the breeding herd and the young stock are kept in
the pastoral areas while the final fattening and finishing is done in feedlots in the
central highlands of the country.
The stratification of the production system is based on relative livestock and feed
resource endowment of the pastoral areas vs. the highlands and access to markets
for livestock production inputs and conditioned animals. Most feedlots are located
in the central parts of the country, particularly around Mojo, Adama, Wonji,
Melkassa, and Adami Tullu areas. This gives them easy access to agroindustrial byproducts such as wheat bran, oilseed cakes, and molasses, which form a major portion of the concentrate mix fed to the animals. Purchased native grass hay and straws
of tef and/or wheat make up the roughage component of the diet. Properly formulated and uniformly mixed best cost ration is recommended for rapid body weight
gain at best cost.
The stratified beef production system linking the pastoral area with feedlots and
export abattoirs plays beneficial roles to various actors along the value chain, which
include the following:
• It creates market opportunities for the pastoral livestock keepers and increases
the off-take rate of pastoral herds and flocks.
• It reduces grazing pressure on the rangelands by moving some animals out of the
system to the feedlots.
• It creates employment and livelihood opportunities for various actors along the
value chain (pastoralists, livestock traders, transporters, feedlot operators, live
animal and meat exporters, abattoirs, butcheries, etc.).
• It increases the contribution of the livestock sector to the national economy and
foreign currency earning of the country through the export of live animals and
animal products.
5 The Influence of SPS-LMM on Livestock and Meat Export
5.1 The Status of Livestock and Livestock and Meat Export
Prior to the Project
Livestock and livestock products are among the top five export commodities in
Ethiopia (IGAD-ICPALD 2013). The annual meat export potential of Ethiopia was
estimated at 72,000 metric tons (MT) of meat, valued at $136 million (LMA 2004).
However, in 2005/2006 Ethiopian fiscal year, prior to the commencement of the
A. Tolera and L. O. Eik