294
3.3 Available and Suitable Dairy Goat Breeding Options
for Tanzania and Malawi
3.3.1 Scheme for Breeding Dairy Goats Based on Simulation
(Determining Number of Bucks)
One way through which breeding can be planned is through simulation. In Tanzania,
Nziku et al. (2017b) showed a progeny testing and selection breeding program with
an acceptable model fitting into the rural farming communities of Mgeta where NL
goats are being farmed. Briefly, the authors used 1000 female goats out of the 2000
population of goats which were considered available (Nziku et al. 2017c). The 1000
does were considered in generation zero as having known parents, and they were
assumed to be mated to 100 bucks (10 does per each buck); and assuming a twining
rate of 1.1, about 1100 kids per generation (550 male and 550 female) would be
expected (Nziku et al. 2017c). Further assumptions were 10% mortality, 30% culling of old does, and various buck replacement rates. Each time kids are born, recordTable 3 Birth weights of Saanen × local (SL) and pure local (PL) at Bunda College farm (kg)
Breed
BW (kg)
WW (kg)
Weight gain (g/
day) until weaning
W364
(kg)
Weight gain (g/day)
until 364 days
Saanen
crosses (M)
2.61 ± 0.39
a
12.80 ± 5.14 92.32
48.41
25.00 ± 3.00
Saanen
crosses (F)
2.48 ± 0.54
a
11.96 ± 2.77 82.67
41.82
22.50 ± 1.78
Local (M)
1.93 ± 0.53b 16
7.60 ± 1.53
50.00
29.32
14 99 ± 1.66
Local (F)
1.84 ± 0.48b 8.33 ± 2.07 56.16
31.07
16.16 ± 1.55
Source: Karua and Banda (1990)
BW birth weight, WW weaning weight, W112 weight at 112 day, W364 weight at 364 days, M
male, F female
Table 4 Results from a survey to evaluate crossbreeding after project closed
Parameter
Unit Value Remarks
Households benefitted from
program
%
56
Number of participating households within the
study sites
Households that had crosses %
14
Declining prevalence of crossbred goats
Kids observed by breed
being local
%
87
Increasing number of local goats
Proportion of half crossbred
kids
%
7.4 Fewer crossbreds compared to local goats
Proportion of local back
crossed kids
%
5.8 Shows there was indiscriminate mating taking place
Proportion of local goats
over crosses
%
94
Declining prevalence and nonsignificant
contribution of crossbreeding
Source: Lungu (2012)
G. Msalya et al.
3.3 Available and Suitable Dairy Goat Breeding Options
for Tanzania and Malawi
3.3.1 Scheme for Breeding Dairy Goats Based on Simulation
(Determining Number of Bucks)
One way through which breeding can be planned is through simulation. In Tanzania,
Nziku et al. (2017b) showed a progeny testing and selection breeding program with
an acceptable model fitting into the rural farming communities of Mgeta where NL
goats are being farmed. Briefly, the authors used 1000 female goats out of the 2000
population of goats which were considered available (Nziku et al. 2017c). The 1000
does were considered in generation zero as having known parents, and they were
assumed to be mated to 100 bucks (10 does per each buck); and assuming a twining
rate of 1.1, about 1100 kids per generation (550 male and 550 female) would be
expected (Nziku et al. 2017c). Further assumptions were 10% mortality, 30% culling of old does, and various buck replacement rates. Each time kids are born, recordTable 3 Birth weights of Saanen × local (SL) and pure local (PL) at Bunda College farm (kg)
Breed
BW (kg)
WW (kg)
Weight gain (g/
day) until weaning
W364
(kg)
Weight gain (g/day)
until 364 days
Saanen
crosses (M)
2.61 ± 0.39
a
12.80 ± 5.14 92.32
48.41
25.00 ± 3.00
Saanen
crosses (F)
2.48 ± 0.54
a
11.96 ± 2.77 82.67
41.82
22.50 ± 1.78
Local (M)
1.93 ± 0.53b 16
7.60 ± 1.53
50.00
29.32
14 99 ± 1.66
Local (F)
1.84 ± 0.48b 8.33 ± 2.07 56.16
31.07
16.16 ± 1.55
Source: Karua and Banda (1990)
BW birth weight, WW weaning weight, W112 weight at 112 day, W364 weight at 364 days, M
male, F female
Table 4 Results from a survey to evaluate crossbreeding after project closed
Parameter
Unit Value Remarks
Households benefitted from
program
%
56
Number of participating households within the
study sites
Households that had crosses %
14
Declining prevalence of crossbred goats
Kids observed by breed
being local
%
87
Increasing number of local goats
Proportion of half crossbred
kids
%
7.4 Fewer crossbreds compared to local goats
Proportion of local back
crossed kids
%
5.8 Shows there was indiscriminate mating taking place
Proportion of local goats
over crosses
%
94
Declining prevalence and nonsignificant
contribution of crossbreeding
Source: Lungu (2012)
G. Msalya et al.