287
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
B. R. Singh et al. (eds.), Climate Impacts on Agricultural and Natural Resource
Sustainability in Africa, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37537-9_17
The Need for Farmer Support and Record
Keeping to Enhance Sustainable Dairy
Goat Breeding in Tanzania and Malawi
G. Msalya, Z. C. Nziku, T. Gondwe, G. C. Kifaro, L. O. Eik, and T. Ådnøy
Abstract Improved dairy goats were introduced in Tanzania and Malawi to uplift
nutritional standards and income of rural poor households. Breeding and management interventions were applied to ensure successful introgression of exotic genotypes into local breeds and environment. In Tanzania, 2% of goats are crossbreds of
local and foreign goats. In Malawi, the exact proportion of purely local and crossbreds is not known due to poor recording. Norwegian Landrace (NL) and Saanen
are the dominant breeds in Tanzania and Malawi, respectively, and their demand is
increasing. In both countries, the greatest challenges are to supply goats with high
genetic potential due to lack of proper breeding policy, lack of replacement bucks,
and fast-generation turnovers. Increasing demand leads to high cropping rate and
forces farmers to breed goats without systematic recording. A higher input/output
system that requires more control is needed in order to produce better animals and
obtain long-term benefits. Simple, manageable, and sustainable dairy goat breeding
programs should be designed. The objective of this review is to recommend capacity building strategy needed to sustain the already seemed working technology
under small-scale farming systems. For example, creation of community breeding
structures and upgrading of local crossbreds through artificial insemination (AI)
using elite bucks are greatly recommended. The AI was shown to be a promising
genetic gain strategy for NL x local goats in Tanzania, after testing through simulaG. Msalya (*) · G. C. Kifaro
Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences (DAARS), Sokoine University
of Agriculture(SUA), Morogoro, Tanzania
e-mail: msalya@sua.ac.tz
Z. C. Nziku
Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI), Tanga Research Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
T. Gondwe
Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Lilongwe, Malawi
L. O. Eik
Department of NORAGRIC, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
T. Ådnøy
Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
(NMBU), Ås, Norway
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
B. R. Singh et al. (eds.), Climate Impacts on Agricultural and Natural Resource
Sustainability in Africa, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37537-9_17
The Need for Farmer Support and Record
Keeping to Enhance Sustainable Dairy
Goat Breeding in Tanzania and Malawi
G. Msalya, Z. C. Nziku, T. Gondwe, G. C. Kifaro, L. O. Eik, and T. Ådnøy
Abstract Improved dairy goats were introduced in Tanzania and Malawi to uplift
nutritional standards and income of rural poor households. Breeding and management interventions were applied to ensure successful introgression of exotic genotypes into local breeds and environment. In Tanzania, 2% of goats are crossbreds of
local and foreign goats. In Malawi, the exact proportion of purely local and crossbreds is not known due to poor recording. Norwegian Landrace (NL) and Saanen
are the dominant breeds in Tanzania and Malawi, respectively, and their demand is
increasing. In both countries, the greatest challenges are to supply goats with high
genetic potential due to lack of proper breeding policy, lack of replacement bucks,
and fast-generation turnovers. Increasing demand leads to high cropping rate and
forces farmers to breed goats without systematic recording. A higher input/output
system that requires more control is needed in order to produce better animals and
obtain long-term benefits. Simple, manageable, and sustainable dairy goat breeding
programs should be designed. The objective of this review is to recommend capacity building strategy needed to sustain the already seemed working technology
under small-scale farming systems. For example, creation of community breeding
structures and upgrading of local crossbreds through artificial insemination (AI)
using elite bucks are greatly recommended. The AI was shown to be a promising
genetic gain strategy for NL x local goats in Tanzania, after testing through simulaG. Msalya (*) · G. C. Kifaro
Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences (DAARS), Sokoine University
of Agriculture(SUA), Morogoro, Tanzania
e-mail: msalya@sua.ac.tz
Z. C. Nziku
Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI), Tanga Research Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
T. Gondwe
Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Lilongwe, Malawi
L. O. Eik
Department of NORAGRIC, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
T. Ådnøy
Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
(NMBU), Ås, Norway