254
Table 2 Least square means (±SE) for fatty acid compositions (percentage of total fatty acids) of
LD muscle from castrated male SEA × Norwegian crossbred goats
T0
T33
T66
T100
SE
P
Fatty acid
Structure
% of total fatty acids
Capric
C10:0
0.03
b
0.06
a
0.06
a
0.05
a
0.01 ∗∗
Lauric
C12:0
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.01 NS
Myristic
C14:0
0.83
1.00
1.43
1.19
0.18 NS
Myristoleic
C14:1n5
0.23
a
0.12
b
0.09
b
0.10
b
0.02 ∗∗
Pentadecanoic
C15:0
0.30
0.27
0.31
0.20
0.04 NS
Palmitic
C16:0
13.02
b
16.70
a
17.84
a
16.95
a
0.80 ∗∗
Palmitoleic
C16:1n7
1.00
a
0.65
bc
0.67
b
0.55
c
0.04 ∗∗∗
Margaric
C17:0
0.60
0.66
0.90
0.87
0.10 NS
Stearic
C18:0
14.46
c
19.75
a
19.20
a
15.78
bc
0.73 ∗∗∗
cis-Vaccenic
C18:1n7
1.25
a
0.93
bc
0.92
c
1.10
a
0.06 ∗∗
Oleic
C18:1n9
17.70
c
27.34
b
33.34
a
32.48
a
1.60 ∗∗∗
Elaidic
C18:1n9t
0.18
b
0.34
a
0.40
a
0.35
a
0.02 ∗∗∗
Linoleic
C18:2n6
7.38
bc
10.67
a
7.30
c
10.31
a
0.90 ∗
Linolelaidic
C18:2n6t
0.11
c
0.23
b
0.35
a
0.34
a
0.02 ∗∗∗
Rumenic
C18:2c9t11 0.25
c
0.52
b
1.00
a
0.90
a
0.07 ∗∗∗
Linolenic
C18:3n3
0.92
a
0.31
b
0.16
c
0.16
c
0.03 ∗∗∗
Eicosanoic
C20:0
0.29
a
0.11
b
0.08
b
0.06
b
0.02 ∗∗∗
Gondoic
C20:1n9
0.12
a
0.06
b
0.03
c
0.05
bc
0.01 ∗∗∗
Eicosatrienoic
C20:3n3
13.65
a
5.00
b
2.63
b
4.05
b
1.00 ∗∗∗
Arachidonic
C20:4n6
0.11
a
0.07
b
0.04
c
0.06
bc
0.01 ∗∗∗
Heneicosanoic
C21:0
0.06
a
0.03
b
0.02
b
0.03
b
0.00 ∗∗∗
Behenic
C22:0
0.11
a
0.04
b
0.02
b
0.03
b
0.01 ∗∗∗
Erucic
C22:1n9
0.17
a
0.03
b
0.01
b
0.01
b
0.02 ∗∗∗
Eicosapentaenoic
C20:5n3
2.60
a
0.60
b
0.17
b
0.21
b
0.17 ∗∗∗
Docosapentaenoic
C22:5n3
3.74
a
0.96
b
0.36
b
0.41
b
0.22 ∗∗∗
Docosahexaenoic
C22:6n3
0.85
a
0.15
b
0.05
c
0.05
c
0.07 ∗∗∗
Lignoceric
C24:0
0.10
a
0.02
b
0.01
b
0.02
b
0.01 ∗∗∗
Total saturated
SFA
33.31
c
42.00
ab
43.62
a
39.37
b
1.34 ∗∗∗
Total unsaturated
UFA
52.70
ab
50.20
b
50.09
b
53.66
a
0.85 ∗
Total monounsaturated MUFA
21.74
c
30.67
b
37.25
a
36.30
a
1.52 ∗∗∗
Total polyunsaturated
PUFA
30.95
a
19.50
b
12.83
c
17.36
bc
2.00 ∗∗∗
Total desirable
DFA
67.15
b
69.92
a
69.28
a
69.44
a
0.60 ∗
Total trans
t-MUFA
0.60
b
1.03
ab
1.35
a
1.25
a
0.20 ∗
Total n-6
n-6
7.64
bc
10.56
a
7.66
c
10.71
ab
1.00 ∗
Total n-3
n-3
21.26
a
7.03
b
3.30
b
4.80
b
1.25 ∗∗∗
Ratio (n-6:n-3)
n-6:n-3
0.36
c
1.54
b
2.26
a
2.23
a
0.12 ∗∗∗
SEA Small East African, t-MUFA sum of trans isomers (∑ C18:1 trans
4–16 ). T0, T33, T66 and T100
refer to zero, 33%, 66% and 100% access to ad libitum concentrate allowance, respectively.
a,b,c
Least square means in the same row lacking a common letter differ (P < 0.05). ∗, ∗∗ and
∗∗∗ = P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively. NS not significant, SE standard error of the mean
D. E. Mushi and L. O. Eik
Table 2 Least square means (±SE) for fatty acid compositions (percentage of total fatty acids) of
LD muscle from castrated male SEA × Norwegian crossbred goats
T0
T33
T66
T100
SE
P
Fatty acid
Structure
% of total fatty acids
Capric
C10:0
0.03
b
0.06
a
0.06
a
0.05
a
0.01 ∗∗
Lauric
C12:0
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.01 NS
Myristic
C14:0
0.83
1.00
1.43
1.19
0.18 NS
Myristoleic
C14:1n5
0.23
a
0.12
b
0.09
b
0.10
b
0.02 ∗∗
Pentadecanoic
C15:0
0.30
0.27
0.31
0.20
0.04 NS
Palmitic
C16:0
13.02
b
16.70
a
17.84
a
16.95
a
0.80 ∗∗
Palmitoleic
C16:1n7
1.00
a
0.65
bc
0.67
b
0.55
c
0.04 ∗∗∗
Margaric
C17:0
0.60
0.66
0.90
0.87
0.10 NS
Stearic
C18:0
14.46
c
19.75
a
19.20
a
15.78
bc
0.73 ∗∗∗
cis-Vaccenic
C18:1n7
1.25
a
0.93
bc
0.92
c
1.10
a
0.06 ∗∗
Oleic
C18:1n9
17.70
c
27.34
b
33.34
a
32.48
a
1.60 ∗∗∗
Elaidic
C18:1n9t
0.18
b
0.34
a
0.40
a
0.35
a
0.02 ∗∗∗
Linoleic
C18:2n6
7.38
bc
10.67
a
7.30
c
10.31
a
0.90 ∗
Linolelaidic
C18:2n6t
0.11
c
0.23
b
0.35
a
0.34
a
0.02 ∗∗∗
Rumenic
C18:2c9t11 0.25
c
0.52
b
1.00
a
0.90
a
0.07 ∗∗∗
Linolenic
C18:3n3
0.92
a
0.31
b
0.16
c
0.16
c
0.03 ∗∗∗
Eicosanoic
C20:0
0.29
a
0.11
b
0.08
b
0.06
b
0.02 ∗∗∗
Gondoic
C20:1n9
0.12
a
0.06
b
0.03
c
0.05
bc
0.01 ∗∗∗
Eicosatrienoic
C20:3n3
13.65
a
5.00
b
2.63
b
4.05
b
1.00 ∗∗∗
Arachidonic
C20:4n6
0.11
a
0.07
b
0.04
c
0.06
bc
0.01 ∗∗∗
Heneicosanoic
C21:0
0.06
a
0.03
b
0.02
b
0.03
b
0.00 ∗∗∗
Behenic
C22:0
0.11
a
0.04
b
0.02
b
0.03
b
0.01 ∗∗∗
Erucic
C22:1n9
0.17
a
0.03
b
0.01
b
0.01
b
0.02 ∗∗∗
Eicosapentaenoic
C20:5n3
2.60
a
0.60
b
0.17
b
0.21
b
0.17 ∗∗∗
Docosapentaenoic
C22:5n3
3.74
a
0.96
b
0.36
b
0.41
b
0.22 ∗∗∗
Docosahexaenoic
C22:6n3
0.85
a
0.15
b
0.05
c
0.05
c
0.07 ∗∗∗
Lignoceric
C24:0
0.10
a
0.02
b
0.01
b
0.02
b
0.01 ∗∗∗
Total saturated
SFA
33.31
c
42.00
ab
43.62
a
39.37
b
1.34 ∗∗∗
Total unsaturated
UFA
52.70
ab
50.20
b
50.09
b
53.66
a
0.85 ∗
Total monounsaturated MUFA
21.74
c
30.67
b
37.25
a
36.30
a
1.52 ∗∗∗
Total polyunsaturated
PUFA
30.95
a
19.50
b
12.83
c
17.36
bc
2.00 ∗∗∗
Total desirable
DFA
67.15
b
69.92
a
69.28
a
69.44
a
0.60 ∗
Total trans
t-MUFA
0.60
b
1.03
ab
1.35
a
1.25
a
0.20 ∗
Total n-6
n-6
7.64
bc
10.56
a
7.66
c
10.71
ab
1.00 ∗
Total n-3
n-3
21.26
a
7.03
b
3.30
b
4.80
b
1.25 ∗∗∗
Ratio (n-6:n-3)
n-6:n-3
0.36
c
1.54
b
2.26
a
2.23
a
0.12 ∗∗∗
SEA Small East African, t-MUFA sum of trans isomers (∑ C18:1 trans
4–16 ). T0, T33, T66 and T100
refer to zero, 33%, 66% and 100% access to ad libitum concentrate allowance, respectively.
a,b,c
Least square means in the same row lacking a common letter differ (P < 0.05). ∗, ∗∗ and
∗∗∗ = P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively. NS not significant, SE standard error of the mean
D. E. Mushi and L. O. Eik