249
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
B. R. Singh et al. (eds.), Climate Impacts on Agricultural and Natural Resource
Sustainability in Africa, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37537-9_15
Effects of Concentrate Supplementation
on the Fatty Acid Composition of Fat
Depots in Crossbred Goats
D. E. Mushi and L. O. Eik
Abstract The effects of concentrate diet supplementation on the fatty acid compositions of M. longissimus dorsi (LD), minced meat (MM) and omental fat (OF) in
Small East African and Norwegian crossbred goats (9.5 months old, 17.1 kg live
weight) were studied. Thirty-two castrated male goats were equally allotted into
four levels of concentrate supplementation for 90 days: at 100% (T100), 66% (T66),
33% (T33) and 0% (T0) of ad libitum allowance. In LD and MM, proportions of
linolenic acid and other n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased, whereas
that of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), conjugated linolenic acid (CLA) and
total desirable fatty acids (DFA) increased with a higher level of supplementation.
Concentrate supplementation had limited effect on the fatty acid composition of OF,
marked by an increase in t-MUFA and CLA with a higher level of supplementation.
Overall, concentrate supplementation beyond 66% of ad libitum feeding had limited
effects on fatty acid composition, as depicted by the similarity between T66 and
T100 goats in the proportions of oleic acid, CLA, total MUFA as well as n-6/n-3
PUFA ratio in LD and MM. Irrespective of the level of supplementation, LD was
associated with higher proportions of total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), MM with
higher proportions of MUFA and OF with higher proportions of total saturated fatty
acids (SFA). It is concluded that in order to optimise the healthfulness of goat meat,
concentrate supplementation should be limited to 66% of ad libitum feeding.
Consumers should be advised to refrain from high intake of internal fat depots due
to the abundance of SFA and unfavourable n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios, a risk factor for
cardiovascular diseases.
D. E. Mushi (*)
Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture,
Morogoro, Tanzania
e-mail: danim@sua.ac.tz
L. O. Eik
Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Noragric,
Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
B. R. Singh et al. (eds.), Climate Impacts on Agricultural and Natural Resource
Sustainability in Africa, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37537-9_15
Effects of Concentrate Supplementation
on the Fatty Acid Composition of Fat
Depots in Crossbred Goats
D. E. Mushi and L. O. Eik
Abstract The effects of concentrate diet supplementation on the fatty acid compositions of M. longissimus dorsi (LD), minced meat (MM) and omental fat (OF) in
Small East African and Norwegian crossbred goats (9.5 months old, 17.1 kg live
weight) were studied. Thirty-two castrated male goats were equally allotted into
four levels of concentrate supplementation for 90 days: at 100% (T100), 66% (T66),
33% (T33) and 0% (T0) of ad libitum allowance. In LD and MM, proportions of
linolenic acid and other n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased, whereas
that of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), conjugated linolenic acid (CLA) and
total desirable fatty acids (DFA) increased with a higher level of supplementation.
Concentrate supplementation had limited effect on the fatty acid composition of OF,
marked by an increase in t-MUFA and CLA with a higher level of supplementation.
Overall, concentrate supplementation beyond 66% of ad libitum feeding had limited
effects on fatty acid composition, as depicted by the similarity between T66 and
T100 goats in the proportions of oleic acid, CLA, total MUFA as well as n-6/n-3
PUFA ratio in LD and MM. Irrespective of the level of supplementation, LD was
associated with higher proportions of total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), MM with
higher proportions of MUFA and OF with higher proportions of total saturated fatty
acids (SFA). It is concluded that in order to optimise the healthfulness of goat meat,
concentrate supplementation should be limited to 66% of ad libitum feeding.
Consumers should be advised to refrain from high intake of internal fat depots due
to the abundance of SFA and unfavourable n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios, a risk factor for
cardiovascular diseases.
D. E. Mushi (*)
Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture,
Morogoro, Tanzania
e-mail: danim@sua.ac.tz
L. O. Eik
Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Noragric,
Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway