206
From 3 weeks to the end of the experiment, the initial temperature in the brooder
house was maintained at 32 degrees and gradually reduced to 21 degrees and monitored using a thermometer. Heat was provided using electricity light bulbs, supplemented with charcoal burner as necessary due to frequent electricity blackouts.
Broilers were vaccinated against infectious bursal disease (Gumboro) on 14th and
35th day and against Newcastle disease (HB1) on seventh and 28th day through
drinking water. Water was provided ad libitum.
Determination of Feed Intake, Body and Carcass Weight, and Mortality Rates
Measured quantities of feed were given on ad libitum basis to the broilers. Feed
intake was determined by subtracting the amount of feed refusal collected from the
amount of feed offered. Weekly body weights were taken individually for computation of weight gains. In week 7, five broilers per treatment were randomly selected
and slaughtered for determination of carcass weights. Records on mortality were
taken as they arose and feed intake was adjusted accordingly to reflect number of
pens per pen.
Digestibility
Five broilers per treatment were randomly selected for a digestibility trial for three
consecutive days at 6 weeks of age. The broilers were put on off feed for 24 hours
but had access to water before commencement of the digestibility trial in order to
empty the intestines. Feed intake was determined every day by subtracting the
amount of leftovers collected from the amount of feed offered. Total fecal output
was obtained on a daily basis from individual broilers, weighed, and stored in plastic bags until the end of the trial.
Ethical Considerations
All broilers were handled with proper care following recommended animal welfare
ethics. Facilities including pens were accurately designed, constructed, equipped,
and maintained to ensure that broilers were raised in comfort without undue stress
and form of cruelty. Appropriate procedures were used in disease control, such as
vaccination, isolation, and quarantine. Broilers were fed according to the minimum
requirements (National Research Council 1994).
2.4 Data Analysis
The data collected was analyzed as completely randomized design following the
procedures by Genstat. The data was subjected to one-way analysis of variance
(ANOVA). Where the analysis of variance indicated the existence of significant difA. C. L. Safalaoh and E. Kavala
From 3 weeks to the end of the experiment, the initial temperature in the brooder
house was maintained at 32 degrees and gradually reduced to 21 degrees and monitored using a thermometer. Heat was provided using electricity light bulbs, supplemented with charcoal burner as necessary due to frequent electricity blackouts.
Broilers were vaccinated against infectious bursal disease (Gumboro) on 14th and
35th day and against Newcastle disease (HB1) on seventh and 28th day through
drinking water. Water was provided ad libitum.
Determination of Feed Intake, Body and Carcass Weight, and Mortality Rates
Measured quantities of feed were given on ad libitum basis to the broilers. Feed
intake was determined by subtracting the amount of feed refusal collected from the
amount of feed offered. Weekly body weights were taken individually for computation of weight gains. In week 7, five broilers per treatment were randomly selected
and slaughtered for determination of carcass weights. Records on mortality were
taken as they arose and feed intake was adjusted accordingly to reflect number of
pens per pen.
Digestibility
Five broilers per treatment were randomly selected for a digestibility trial for three
consecutive days at 6 weeks of age. The broilers were put on off feed for 24 hours
but had access to water before commencement of the digestibility trial in order to
empty the intestines. Feed intake was determined every day by subtracting the
amount of leftovers collected from the amount of feed offered. Total fecal output
was obtained on a daily basis from individual broilers, weighed, and stored in plastic bags until the end of the trial.
Ethical Considerations
All broilers were handled with proper care following recommended animal welfare
ethics. Facilities including pens were accurately designed, constructed, equipped,
and maintained to ensure that broilers were raised in comfort without undue stress
and form of cruelty. Appropriate procedures were used in disease control, such as
vaccination, isolation, and quarantine. Broilers were fed according to the minimum
requirements (National Research Council 1994).
2.4 Data Analysis
The data collected was analyzed as completely randomized design following the
procedures by Genstat. The data was subjected to one-way analysis of variance
(ANOVA). Where the analysis of variance indicated the existence of significant difA. C. L. Safalaoh and E. Kavala