199
Microbiological Properties, 2nd edn. Agronomy Monograph 9.2. ASA and SSSA, Madison,
WI. pp 403–430
Piepho H-P (2004) An algorithm for a letter-based representation of all-pairwise comparisons. J
Comput Graph Stat 13(2):456–466
Pimentel D, Hepperly P, Hanson J, Douds D, Seidel R (2005) Environmental, energetic, and economic comparisons of organic and conventional farming systems. AIBS Bull 55(7):573–582
Ponisio LC, M’Gonigle LK, Mace KC, Palomino J, de Valpine P, Kremen C (2015) Diversification
practices reduce organic to conventional yield gap. Proc R Soc B 282(1799):20141396
Prasad M, Siddique MRB (2004) Effect of nitrogen and mepiquat chloride on yield and quality of
upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Indian J Agric Sci 74:560–562
R Core Team (2019) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for
Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/
Rao PJ, Prasad PRK, Kumari AL, Rani PP, Rao CP (2017) Long-term effect of manures and fertilizers on nutrient status under cotton mono-cropping in vertisol. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci
6(7):2084–2094
Reddy KR, Wetzel RG, Kadlec RH (2005) Biogeochemistry of phosphorus in wetlands. In: Sims
JT, Sharpley AN (eds) Phosphorus: agriculture and the environment. Agron. Monogr. 46. ASA,
CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI, pp 263–316
Reddy PRR, Shaik M (2009) Evaluation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)-based intercropping system through different approaches under rainfed conditions. Indian J of Agric Sci 79(3):210-214
Richards M, Metzel R, Chirinda N, Ly P, Nyamadzawo G, Vu QD, De Neergaard A, Oelofse
M, Wollenberg E, Keller E, Malin D (2016) Limits of agricultural greenhouse gas calculators to predict soil N 2 O and CH 4 fluxes in tropical agriculture. Sci Rep 6:26279. https://doi.
org/10.1038/srep26279
Rosenstock TS, Rufino MC, Wollenberg E (2013) Toward a protocol for quantifying the greenhouse gas balance and identifying mitigation options in smallholder farming systems. Environ
Res Lett 8:021003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/021003
Sankaranarayanan K, Nalayini P, Praharaj CS (2012) Multi-tier cropping system to enhance
resource utilization, profitability and sustainability of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production system. Indian J Agric Sci 82(12):1044–1050
Searle SR, Speed FM, Milliken GA (1980) Population marginal means in the linear model: an
alternative to least squares means. Am Stat 34(4):216–221
Seufert V, Ramankutty N, Foley JA (2012) Comparing the yields of organic and conventional
agriculture. Nature 485(7393):229
Singh G, Choudhary P, Saini D, Lal Jat B (2017) Effects of legume intercrops on growth, yield and
economics of hybrid american cotton under controlled condition. Glob J Bio Sci Biotechnol
6(1):61–82
Soil Survey Staff (2014) Keys to soil taxonomy, 12th edn. United States Department of Agriculture.
NRCS, Washington DC, p 360
Subbalakshmi L, Mhukrishnanan P, Jeyaraman S (2012) Neem products and their agricultural
applications. J Biopest 5:72–76
Suja G, Byju G, Jyothi AN, Veena SS, Sreekumar J (2017) Yield, quality and soil health under
organic vs conventional farming in taro. Sci Hortic 218:334–343
TCB (2010) The cotton industry implementation plan, CIIP: 2010–2015. Tanzania Cotton Board,
Dar es Salaam
TCB (2016) Corporate strategic plan 2016/17–2020/2021. Tanzania Cotton Board, Dar es Salaam
TCB (2019) Area under cotton and seed cotton production statistics for 2009/10–2018/19.
Document sent by the Tanzania Cotton Board to Michael R. Baha on 7 Aug 2019
Textile exchange (2018) Organic cotton market report 2018. https://textileexchange.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/2018-Organic-Cotton-Market-Report.pdf. Site visited on 24 July 2019
Thilakarathna MS, McElroy MS, Chapagain T, Papadopoulos YA, Raizada MN (2016)
Belowground nitrogen transfer from legumes to non-legumes under managed herbaceous cropping systems. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 36:58
Yield and Profitability of Cotton Grown Under Smallholder Organic and Conventional…
Microbiological Properties, 2nd edn. Agronomy Monograph 9.2. ASA and SSSA, Madison,
WI. pp 403–430
Piepho H-P (2004) An algorithm for a letter-based representation of all-pairwise comparisons. J
Comput Graph Stat 13(2):456–466
Pimentel D, Hepperly P, Hanson J, Douds D, Seidel R (2005) Environmental, energetic, and economic comparisons of organic and conventional farming systems. AIBS Bull 55(7):573–582
Ponisio LC, M’Gonigle LK, Mace KC, Palomino J, de Valpine P, Kremen C (2015) Diversification
practices reduce organic to conventional yield gap. Proc R Soc B 282(1799):20141396
Prasad M, Siddique MRB (2004) Effect of nitrogen and mepiquat chloride on yield and quality of
upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Indian J Agric Sci 74:560–562
R Core Team (2019) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for
Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/
Rao PJ, Prasad PRK, Kumari AL, Rani PP, Rao CP (2017) Long-term effect of manures and fertilizers on nutrient status under cotton mono-cropping in vertisol. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci
6(7):2084–2094
Reddy KR, Wetzel RG, Kadlec RH (2005) Biogeochemistry of phosphorus in wetlands. In: Sims
JT, Sharpley AN (eds) Phosphorus: agriculture and the environment. Agron. Monogr. 46. ASA,
CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI, pp 263–316
Reddy PRR, Shaik M (2009) Evaluation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)-based intercropping system through different approaches under rainfed conditions. Indian J of Agric Sci 79(3):210-214
Richards M, Metzel R, Chirinda N, Ly P, Nyamadzawo G, Vu QD, De Neergaard A, Oelofse
M, Wollenberg E, Keller E, Malin D (2016) Limits of agricultural greenhouse gas calculators to predict soil N 2 O and CH 4 fluxes in tropical agriculture. Sci Rep 6:26279. https://doi.
org/10.1038/srep26279
Rosenstock TS, Rufino MC, Wollenberg E (2013) Toward a protocol for quantifying the greenhouse gas balance and identifying mitigation options in smallholder farming systems. Environ
Res Lett 8:021003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/021003
Sankaranarayanan K, Nalayini P, Praharaj CS (2012) Multi-tier cropping system to enhance
resource utilization, profitability and sustainability of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production system. Indian J Agric Sci 82(12):1044–1050
Searle SR, Speed FM, Milliken GA (1980) Population marginal means in the linear model: an
alternative to least squares means. Am Stat 34(4):216–221
Seufert V, Ramankutty N, Foley JA (2012) Comparing the yields of organic and conventional
agriculture. Nature 485(7393):229
Singh G, Choudhary P, Saini D, Lal Jat B (2017) Effects of legume intercrops on growth, yield and
economics of hybrid american cotton under controlled condition. Glob J Bio Sci Biotechnol
6(1):61–82
Soil Survey Staff (2014) Keys to soil taxonomy, 12th edn. United States Department of Agriculture.
NRCS, Washington DC, p 360
Subbalakshmi L, Mhukrishnanan P, Jeyaraman S (2012) Neem products and their agricultural
applications. J Biopest 5:72–76
Suja G, Byju G, Jyothi AN, Veena SS, Sreekumar J (2017) Yield, quality and soil health under
organic vs conventional farming in taro. Sci Hortic 218:334–343
TCB (2010) The cotton industry implementation plan, CIIP: 2010–2015. Tanzania Cotton Board,
Dar es Salaam
TCB (2016) Corporate strategic plan 2016/17–2020/2021. Tanzania Cotton Board, Dar es Salaam
TCB (2019) Area under cotton and seed cotton production statistics for 2009/10–2018/19.
Document sent by the Tanzania Cotton Board to Michael R. Baha on 7 Aug 2019
Textile exchange (2018) Organic cotton market report 2018. https://textileexchange.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/2018-Organic-Cotton-Market-Report.pdf. Site visited on 24 July 2019
Thilakarathna MS, McElroy MS, Chapagain T, Papadopoulos YA, Raizada MN (2016)
Belowground nitrogen transfer from legumes to non-legumes under managed herbaceous cropping systems. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 36:58
Yield and Profitability of Cotton Grown Under Smallholder Organic and Conventional…