112
Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (2003) Food energy–methods of analysis and conversion factors. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 77. Rome
International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)/Ministry of Agriculture
and Irrigation (MAI) (2000) Cost-effective soil fertility options for smallholder farmers in
Malawi. ICRISAT, Bulawayo and MAI, Lilongwe
Kamanga BCG, Whitbread A, Wall P, Waddington SR, Almekinders C, Giller KE (2010) Farmer
evaluation of phosphorus fertilizer application to annual legumes in Chisepo, Central Malawi.
Afr J Agric Res 5(8):668–680
Kerr RB, Snapp S, Chirwa M, Shumba L, Msachi R (2007) Participatory research on legume diversification with Malawian smallholder farmers for improved human nutrition and soil fertility.
Exp Agric 43:437–453
Landon JR (ed) (1991) Booker Tropical Soil Manual. A handbook for soil survey and agricultural
land evaluation in the tropics and subtropics. Longman Scientific & Technical co-published
with John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York
Mahama GY, Prasad PVV, Roozeboom KL, Nippert JB, Rice CW (2016) Response of maize to
cover crops, fertilizer nitrogen rates, and economic return. Agron J 108(1):17–31
Makumba W (2003) Nitrogen use efficiency and carbon sequestration in legume tree- based agroforestry systems: a case study of Malawi. PhD Thesis. Wageningen University and Research
Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Maobe SN, Akundabweni LSM, Mburu MWK, Ndufa JK, Mureith JG, Gachene CKK, Makini
FW, Okello JJ (2010) Effects of Mucuna green manure and inorganic urea nitrogen sources and
application rates on harvest indices of maize (Zea mays L.). World J Agric Sci 6(5):532–539
Matusso JMM, Mungwe JN, Mucheru-Muna M (2014) Effects of different maize (Zea mays L.)
soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) intercropping patterns on soil mineral-N, N-uptake and soil
properties. Afr J Agric Res 9(1):42–55
Mhango WG (2011) Nitrogen budgets in legume based cropping systems in Northern Malawi.
PhD Dissertation. Michigan State University. East Lancing, USA
Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (2012) Guide to agricultural production and natural
resources management in Malawi. Agricultural Communications Branch. Lilongwe, Malawi
Mloza-Banda HR (1994) Principles and practices of crop management: field study guide. Crop
Science Department, Bunda College of Agriculture, Lilongwe
Mtambanengwe F, Mapfumo P, Vanlauwe B (2007) Comparative short term effects of different
quality organic resources on maize productivity under two different environments in Zimbabwe.
In: Bationo A, Waswa B, Kihara J, Kimetu J (eds) Advances in integrated soil fertility management in Sub-Saharan Africa: challenges and opportunities. Springer. The Netherlands
Mutegi J, Kabambe V, Zingore S, Harawa R,Wairegi L (2015) The fertilizer recommendation
issues in Malawi: gaps, challenges, opportunities and guidelines. Soil Health Consortium of
Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
Njira KOW, Nalivata PC, Kanyama-Phiri GY, Lowole MW (2013) Effects of sole-cropped, doubled- up legume residues and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on maize yields in Kasungu, Central
Malawi. Agric Sci Res J 3(3):97–106
Palm CA, Gachengo CN, Delve RJ, Cadish G, Giller KE (2001) Organic inputs for soil fertility
management: some rules and tools. Agric Ecosyst Environ 83:27–42
Partey ST, Preziosi RF, Robsosn GD (2014) Improving maize residue use in soil fertility restoration by mixing with residues of low C-to-N ratio: effects on C and N mineralization and soil
microbial biomass. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 14(3):518–531
Phiri AT, Msaky JJ, Mrema JP, Kanyama-Phiri GY, Msanya BM (2014) Effect of pigeon peagroundnut system on selected soil properties. Int J Plant Soil Sci 3(4):397–407
Ricker-Gilbert J, Jumbe C, Chamberlin J (2014) How does population density influence agricultural intensification? Evidence from Malawi. Food Policy 48:114–128
Sakala WD, Cadisch G, Giller KE (2000) Interactions between residues of maize and pigeonpea and mineral N fertilizers during decomposition and N mineralization. Soil Biol Biochem
32:679–688
K. O. W. Njira et al.
Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (2003) Food energy–methods of analysis and conversion factors. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 77. Rome
International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)/Ministry of Agriculture
and Irrigation (MAI) (2000) Cost-effective soil fertility options for smallholder farmers in
Malawi. ICRISAT, Bulawayo and MAI, Lilongwe
Kamanga BCG, Whitbread A, Wall P, Waddington SR, Almekinders C, Giller KE (2010) Farmer
evaluation of phosphorus fertilizer application to annual legumes in Chisepo, Central Malawi.
Afr J Agric Res 5(8):668–680
Kerr RB, Snapp S, Chirwa M, Shumba L, Msachi R (2007) Participatory research on legume diversification with Malawian smallholder farmers for improved human nutrition and soil fertility.
Exp Agric 43:437–453
Landon JR (ed) (1991) Booker Tropical Soil Manual. A handbook for soil survey and agricultural
land evaluation in the tropics and subtropics. Longman Scientific & Technical co-published
with John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York
Mahama GY, Prasad PVV, Roozeboom KL, Nippert JB, Rice CW (2016) Response of maize to
cover crops, fertilizer nitrogen rates, and economic return. Agron J 108(1):17–31
Makumba W (2003) Nitrogen use efficiency and carbon sequestration in legume tree- based agroforestry systems: a case study of Malawi. PhD Thesis. Wageningen University and Research
Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Maobe SN, Akundabweni LSM, Mburu MWK, Ndufa JK, Mureith JG, Gachene CKK, Makini
FW, Okello JJ (2010) Effects of Mucuna green manure and inorganic urea nitrogen sources and
application rates on harvest indices of maize (Zea mays L.). World J Agric Sci 6(5):532–539
Matusso JMM, Mungwe JN, Mucheru-Muna M (2014) Effects of different maize (Zea mays L.)
soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) intercropping patterns on soil mineral-N, N-uptake and soil
properties. Afr J Agric Res 9(1):42–55
Mhango WG (2011) Nitrogen budgets in legume based cropping systems in Northern Malawi.
PhD Dissertation. Michigan State University. East Lancing, USA
Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (2012) Guide to agricultural production and natural
resources management in Malawi. Agricultural Communications Branch. Lilongwe, Malawi
Mloza-Banda HR (1994) Principles and practices of crop management: field study guide. Crop
Science Department, Bunda College of Agriculture, Lilongwe
Mtambanengwe F, Mapfumo P, Vanlauwe B (2007) Comparative short term effects of different
quality organic resources on maize productivity under two different environments in Zimbabwe.
In: Bationo A, Waswa B, Kihara J, Kimetu J (eds) Advances in integrated soil fertility management in Sub-Saharan Africa: challenges and opportunities. Springer. The Netherlands
Mutegi J, Kabambe V, Zingore S, Harawa R,Wairegi L (2015) The fertilizer recommendation
issues in Malawi: gaps, challenges, opportunities and guidelines. Soil Health Consortium of
Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
Njira KOW, Nalivata PC, Kanyama-Phiri GY, Lowole MW (2013) Effects of sole-cropped, doubled- up legume residues and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on maize yields in Kasungu, Central
Malawi. Agric Sci Res J 3(3):97–106
Palm CA, Gachengo CN, Delve RJ, Cadish G, Giller KE (2001) Organic inputs for soil fertility
management: some rules and tools. Agric Ecosyst Environ 83:27–42
Partey ST, Preziosi RF, Robsosn GD (2014) Improving maize residue use in soil fertility restoration by mixing with residues of low C-to-N ratio: effects on C and N mineralization and soil
microbial biomass. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 14(3):518–531
Phiri AT, Msaky JJ, Mrema JP, Kanyama-Phiri GY, Msanya BM (2014) Effect of pigeon peagroundnut system on selected soil properties. Int J Plant Soil Sci 3(4):397–407
Ricker-Gilbert J, Jumbe C, Chamberlin J (2014) How does population density influence agricultural intensification? Evidence from Malawi. Food Policy 48:114–128
Sakala WD, Cadisch G, Giller KE (2000) Interactions between residues of maize and pigeonpea and mineral N fertilizers during decomposition and N mineralization. Soil Biol Biochem
32:679–688
K. O. W. Njira et al.