267
loaded NS exhibited higher passage of NFX in comparison to drug
alone by using chamber method. The NS formulation also revealed
a mucoadhesive property improving the antibiotic activity in an in
vivo sepsis model [81].
DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) currently is one of the most
effective insect repellents. It is available worldwide today in a variety of formulations including aerosols, creams, lotions, sprays, gels,
sticks, and wipes at concentrations ranging from 5% to 100% [82].
DEET shows repellence against mosquitoes, bugs, and ticks [82].
Zika is a mosquito-borne virus and to date no commercial vaccine
is available; hence, preventive measures, such as spurting insect
repellents frequently, should be taken to avoid the virus infection.
Encapsulation of DEET prolongs its persistence and decreases its
undesirable absorption by skin, as DEET may induce irritation
when applied directly on skin. Having a rigid and compact structure, deriving from the low molecular weight of the cross-linking
bridges, CDI-NSs were selected as encapsulating agents to limit
the diffusion and loss of entrapped DEET molecules. Polyester
fabrics were then functionalized by dispersion of DEET-loaded NS
particles among the textile fibers. CDI-NSs preloaded with DEET
(5:1 molar ratio of β-CD:DEET) showed a considerable amount of
DEET on the fabric (20%) due to strong interactions between
DEET and NSs [83].
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are three-dimensional
nanostructures synthesized in the presence of a template molecule,
which is subsequently removed by thorough washing. Therefore,
MIPs contain highly selective sites able to recognize and adsorb
the specific template molecule that was used for the imprinting.
MIPs are used over a wide range of applications, such as separation, purification, chemical sensors, and catalysis. MIP-based sensors are less expensive and more resistant to chemicals, elevated
temperatures, and pressure than biological systems.
Recently, biomimetic systems based on CD MIPs for the evaluation of blood glucose levels have been developed [84]. The presence of CDs within an imprinted polymer network can improve
the performance of the MIP due to their peculiar structure and the
ability to form inclusion complexes.
Molecularly imprinted NSs, prepared using a drug as a template agent, can be employed as innovative drug delivery systems
to achieve prolonged- and sustained-release kinetics, thanks to the
optimal interactions between the drug molecules and the surrounding structure. In this case, the template molecule is not
removed after the synthesis reaction, but it is kept inside until the
final application. An example of molecularly imprinted NSs for the
delivery of L-DOPA has been recently described by Trotta et al.
2.8 Cyclodextrin
Nanosponges
for Anti-Zika
2.9 Molecularly
Imprinted Cyclodextrin
Nanosponges
for Parkinson’s
Disease
Drug-Encapsulated Cyclodextrin Nanosponges
loaded NS exhibited higher passage of NFX in comparison to drug
alone by using chamber method. The NS formulation also revealed
a mucoadhesive property improving the antibiotic activity in an in
vivo sepsis model [81].
DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) currently is one of the most
effective insect repellents. It is available worldwide today in a variety of formulations including aerosols, creams, lotions, sprays, gels,
sticks, and wipes at concentrations ranging from 5% to 100% [82].
DEET shows repellence against mosquitoes, bugs, and ticks [82].
Zika is a mosquito-borne virus and to date no commercial vaccine
is available; hence, preventive measures, such as spurting insect
repellents frequently, should be taken to avoid the virus infection.
Encapsulation of DEET prolongs its persistence and decreases its
undesirable absorption by skin, as DEET may induce irritation
when applied directly on skin. Having a rigid and compact structure, deriving from the low molecular weight of the cross-linking
bridges, CDI-NSs were selected as encapsulating agents to limit
the diffusion and loss of entrapped DEET molecules. Polyester
fabrics were then functionalized by dispersion of DEET-loaded NS
particles among the textile fibers. CDI-NSs preloaded with DEET
(5:1 molar ratio of β-CD:DEET) showed a considerable amount of
DEET on the fabric (20%) due to strong interactions between
DEET and NSs [83].
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are three-dimensional
nanostructures synthesized in the presence of a template molecule,
which is subsequently removed by thorough washing. Therefore,
MIPs contain highly selective sites able to recognize and adsorb
the specific template molecule that was used for the imprinting.
MIPs are used over a wide range of applications, such as separation, purification, chemical sensors, and catalysis. MIP-based sensors are less expensive and more resistant to chemicals, elevated
temperatures, and pressure than biological systems.
Recently, biomimetic systems based on CD MIPs for the evaluation of blood glucose levels have been developed [84]. The presence of CDs within an imprinted polymer network can improve
the performance of the MIP due to their peculiar structure and the
ability to form inclusion complexes.
Molecularly imprinted NSs, prepared using a drug as a template agent, can be employed as innovative drug delivery systems
to achieve prolonged- and sustained-release kinetics, thanks to the
optimal interactions between the drug molecules and the surrounding structure. In this case, the template molecule is not
removed after the synthesis reaction, but it is kept inside until the
final application. An example of molecularly imprinted NSs for the
delivery of L-DOPA has been recently described by Trotta et al.
2.8 Cyclodextrin
Nanosponges
for Anti-Zika
2.9 Molecularly
Imprinted Cyclodextrin
Nanosponges
for Parkinson’s
Disease
Drug-Encapsulated Cyclodextrin Nanosponges