265
Inclusion complexes with quercetin were obtained by freezedrying method. Results indicated that the NS degree of crosslinking has a significant influence on the dissolution of the
encapsulated quercetin. The NSs with lower degree of cross- linking
released 91% of the drug within 45 min, whereas the NSs with
higher degree of cross-linking exhibited sustained-release kinetics
up to 24 h. Nanosponges showed higher dissolution in vitro than
commercial quercetin alone, which could translate into an increased
bioavailability in vivo. This would lead to considerable dose reduction for patients [73].
Gamma-oryzanol (GO) is a natural antioxidant extracted from
rice bran oil, usually employed to stabilize food and pharmaceutical raw materials. Its usefulness, however, is limited by its fast degradation. One proposed approach to increase the stability and
effectiveness of antioxidants is based on the inclusion in supramolecular structures. β-CD nanosponges have been chosen for their
ability to encapsulate a great variety of substances, to decrease their
side effects and to protect them from degradation. The inclusion
of GO in complex was prepared in 1:1 w/w ratio and characterized
by membrane diffusion runs. The photodegradation of encapsulated GO upon UVA and UVB irradiation was found to be slowed
down. The antioxidant effectiveness of the inclusion complex,
assessed in vitro on porcine ear skin, revealed accumulation of GO
when entrapped in the host structure, and presented a significant
anti-lipoperoxidative activity. The formation of NS inclusion complex with GO provides an indication that it may have potential as a
carrier for topically active substances [74].
Babchi oil (BO) is an important essential oil, used in several
traditional medicines due to its antioxidative properties. Yet the
volatile nature of BO, poor stability, and solubility restrict its pharmaceutical applications. Encapsulation of BO in β-CD nanosponges was also used to overcome these limitations. Spectral
analysis ascertained the formation of inclusion complexes.
Solubilization efficiency of BO was checked in distilled water and
found to be enhanced 4.95 times with optimized β-CD nanosponges. The encapsulation of BO resulted in an increase of solubility, photostability, and safety of this oil [75].
Coriander essential oil (CEO) has shown a broad spectrum of
antimicrobial activity ranging from Gram-positive to Gramnegative bacteria, yeasts, and molds. Recently, CEO was incorporated in NSs prepared from α-CD and a mixture of HP-β-C and
β-CD. These CD-NSs displayed the ability to provide a controlled
oil release while inhibiting bacterial growth, thus representing a
potential strategy to overcome the poor efficacy of current antimicrobial food packaging [76].
Rutin, phloridzin, and chlorogenic acid are some of the most
important characteristic polyphenols found in apples and their by2.6 Cyclodextrin
Nanosponges
for Polyphenols
Drug-Encapsulated Cyclodextrin Nanosponges
Inclusion complexes with quercetin were obtained by freezedrying method. Results indicated that the NS degree of crosslinking has a significant influence on the dissolution of the
encapsulated quercetin. The NSs with lower degree of cross- linking
released 91% of the drug within 45 min, whereas the NSs with
higher degree of cross-linking exhibited sustained-release kinetics
up to 24 h. Nanosponges showed higher dissolution in vitro than
commercial quercetin alone, which could translate into an increased
bioavailability in vivo. This would lead to considerable dose reduction for patients [73].
Gamma-oryzanol (GO) is a natural antioxidant extracted from
rice bran oil, usually employed to stabilize food and pharmaceutical raw materials. Its usefulness, however, is limited by its fast degradation. One proposed approach to increase the stability and
effectiveness of antioxidants is based on the inclusion in supramolecular structures. β-CD nanosponges have been chosen for their
ability to encapsulate a great variety of substances, to decrease their
side effects and to protect them from degradation. The inclusion
of GO in complex was prepared in 1:1 w/w ratio and characterized
by membrane diffusion runs. The photodegradation of encapsulated GO upon UVA and UVB irradiation was found to be slowed
down. The antioxidant effectiveness of the inclusion complex,
assessed in vitro on porcine ear skin, revealed accumulation of GO
when entrapped in the host structure, and presented a significant
anti-lipoperoxidative activity. The formation of NS inclusion complex with GO provides an indication that it may have potential as a
carrier for topically active substances [74].
Babchi oil (BO) is an important essential oil, used in several
traditional medicines due to its antioxidative properties. Yet the
volatile nature of BO, poor stability, and solubility restrict its pharmaceutical applications. Encapsulation of BO in β-CD nanosponges was also used to overcome these limitations. Spectral
analysis ascertained the formation of inclusion complexes.
Solubilization efficiency of BO was checked in distilled water and
found to be enhanced 4.95 times with optimized β-CD nanosponges. The encapsulation of BO resulted in an increase of solubility, photostability, and safety of this oil [75].
Coriander essential oil (CEO) has shown a broad spectrum of
antimicrobial activity ranging from Gram-positive to Gramnegative bacteria, yeasts, and molds. Recently, CEO was incorporated in NSs prepared from α-CD and a mixture of HP-β-C and
β-CD. These CD-NSs displayed the ability to provide a controlled
oil release while inhibiting bacterial growth, thus representing a
potential strategy to overcome the poor efficacy of current antimicrobial food packaging [76].
Rutin, phloridzin, and chlorogenic acid are some of the most
important characteristic polyphenols found in apples and their by2.6 Cyclodextrin
Nanosponges
for Polyphenols
Drug-Encapsulated Cyclodextrin Nanosponges