Sustainable Alternative Water Sources Use for Lowering …
829
Table 1 Number of air
conditioners observed by
brand and type
Brand
Type
Power (BTU/h) Quantity
California
Split
18,000
12
Carrier
Split
48,000
2
Gree
Janela
18,000
6
Haier
Split
18,000
4
Springer
Janela
18,000
14
Table 2 Areas, demands and
volumes calculated for the
day of consumption
Place
Area (m 2 )
Demand
(l/m 2 /day)
Volume (l/day)
Rooms
1,741.08
2
3,482.16
Halls
775.99
2
1,555.98
Gardens
1,342.53
2
2,685.06
Total
3,184.12
–
7,723.20
As indicated by the coordinators, all the devices in the present study have frequent filter cleaning and maintenance, but they have not been able to specify their
periodicity. After careful observation of all the appliances, none was found to have
an efficient drainage system for the generated water. All appliances have the water
thrown directly on the sidewalk located near the pavilions.
According to the survey on water demand, both cleaning and gardening staff
reported that the water used comes from the water utility’s network (CESAN). For
cleaning services, water is used mainly for cleaning the floors of rooms and corridors
with daily frequency, while for gardening, it is used for irrigation and maintenance
of the grass and trees of the campus with frequency of twice a week or weekly in
drier season.
From the areas obtained for rooms, corridors and gardens it was possible to estimate the global volume demanded for the activities for each day of water use, for
cleaning or irrigation, being the entire area considered (Table 2).
As the demand of water use was calculated for the day, the monthly frequency of
washes (being 20 working days) and irrigation (twice a week) to calculate the monthly
cost with treated water should be taken into account (Table 3). It is also important
to consider that in the demand for treated water the rate of sewage collected by the
concessionaire, equivalent to 80% the cost of treated water, increasing the final value
obtained with the demand.
The total area considered for the project was 185.18 m
2 . From the equation of the
intense rainfall equations, a rainfall of a project with a five-year return period for the
municipality of Vitória yields a precipitation of 133.1 mm/h. The design flow rate
was calculated as Q = 102.70 L/min.
Considering the air conditioners, measurements were performed between August
2016 and April 2017. From the values obtained, with the measurements for fifteen
minutes, Table 4 was elaborated with the means of volume generated and the flow of
829
Table 1 Number of air
conditioners observed by
brand and type
Brand
Type
Power (BTU/h) Quantity
California
Split
18,000
12
Carrier
Split
48,000
2
Gree
Janela
18,000
6
Haier
Split
18,000
4
Springer
Janela
18,000
14
Table 2 Areas, demands and
volumes calculated for the
day of consumption
Place
Area (m 2 )
Demand
(l/m 2 /day)
Volume (l/day)
Rooms
1,741.08
2
3,482.16
Halls
775.99
2
1,555.98
Gardens
1,342.53
2
2,685.06
Total
3,184.12
–
7,723.20
As indicated by the coordinators, all the devices in the present study have frequent filter cleaning and maintenance, but they have not been able to specify their
periodicity. After careful observation of all the appliances, none was found to have
an efficient drainage system for the generated water. All appliances have the water
thrown directly on the sidewalk located near the pavilions.
According to the survey on water demand, both cleaning and gardening staff
reported that the water used comes from the water utility’s network (CESAN). For
cleaning services, water is used mainly for cleaning the floors of rooms and corridors
with daily frequency, while for gardening, it is used for irrigation and maintenance
of the grass and trees of the campus with frequency of twice a week or weekly in
drier season.
From the areas obtained for rooms, corridors and gardens it was possible to estimate the global volume demanded for the activities for each day of water use, for
cleaning or irrigation, being the entire area considered (Table 2).
As the demand of water use was calculated for the day, the monthly frequency of
washes (being 20 working days) and irrigation (twice a week) to calculate the monthly
cost with treated water should be taken into account (Table 3). It is also important
to consider that in the demand for treated water the rate of sewage collected by the
concessionaire, equivalent to 80% the cost of treated water, increasing the final value
obtained with the demand.
The total area considered for the project was 185.18 m
2 . From the equation of the
intense rainfall equations, a rainfall of a project with a five-year return period for the
municipality of Vitória yields a precipitation of 133.1 mm/h. The design flow rate
was calculated as Q = 102.70 L/min.
Considering the air conditioners, measurements were performed between August
2016 and April 2017. From the values obtained, with the measurements for fifteen
minutes, Table 4 was elaborated with the means of volume generated and the flow of