Vortex-Assisted Liquid-Liquid
Microextraction for Steroid Profile
Analysis: Towards Sustainable
Development Goals 2030
Normaliza Abdul Manaf, Bahruddin Saad, Aishah A. Latiff
and Suzyrman Sibly
Abstract Prevention of waste is among of 12 principles in green chemistry. This
study discusses about a simple, rapid and environmentally friendly method for the
determination of endogenous steroid profile. A vortex assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VALLME) as sample preparation followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the determination of steroid profile in urine
was identified. The proposed method fulfilled the green chemistry principle and Goal
13 in Sustainable Development Goals.
Keywords Green chemistry · Microextraction · Steroid profile · LC-MS/MS ·
Urine analysis · Sustainable development goals
1 Introduction: Sustainable Development Goals
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), otherwise known as the Global Goals,
are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all
people enjoy peace and prosperity. These 17 Goals build on the successes of the
Millennium Development Goals, while including new areas such as climate change,
economic inequality, innovation, sustainable consumption, peace and justice, among
other priorities. The goals are interconnected—often the key to success on one will
involve tackling issues more commonly associated with another. The SDGs work in
the spirit of partnership and pragmatism to make the right choices now to improve life,
N. A. Manaf (B) · B. Saad
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
e-mail: normaliza@usm.my
N. A. Manaf · S. Sibly
Centre for Global Sustainability Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
B. Saad
Fundamental and Applied Science Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak, Malaysia
A. A. Latiff
Anti-Doping Laboratory Qatar, Doha, Qatar
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
W. Leal Filho et al. (eds.), Universities as Living Labs for Sustainable Development,
World Sustainability Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15604-6_45
747
Microextraction for Steroid Profile
Analysis: Towards Sustainable
Development Goals 2030
Normaliza Abdul Manaf, Bahruddin Saad, Aishah A. Latiff
and Suzyrman Sibly
Abstract Prevention of waste is among of 12 principles in green chemistry. This
study discusses about a simple, rapid and environmentally friendly method for the
determination of endogenous steroid profile. A vortex assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VALLME) as sample preparation followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the determination of steroid profile in urine
was identified. The proposed method fulfilled the green chemistry principle and Goal
13 in Sustainable Development Goals.
Keywords Green chemistry · Microextraction · Steroid profile · LC-MS/MS ·
Urine analysis · Sustainable development goals
1 Introduction: Sustainable Development Goals
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), otherwise known as the Global Goals,
are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all
people enjoy peace and prosperity. These 17 Goals build on the successes of the
Millennium Development Goals, while including new areas such as climate change,
economic inequality, innovation, sustainable consumption, peace and justice, among
other priorities. The goals are interconnected—often the key to success on one will
involve tackling issues more commonly associated with another. The SDGs work in
the spirit of partnership and pragmatism to make the right choices now to improve life,
N. A. Manaf (B) · B. Saad
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
e-mail: normaliza@usm.my
N. A. Manaf · S. Sibly
Centre for Global Sustainability Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
B. Saad
Fundamental and Applied Science Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak, Malaysia
A. A. Latiff
Anti-Doping Laboratory Qatar, Doha, Qatar
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
W. Leal Filho et al. (eds.), Universities as Living Labs for Sustainable Development,
World Sustainability Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15604-6_45
747