206
C. Boonchit
46% of the MSW generated amount that is managed properly. The rest of them
are disposed of by unsanitary methods such as open-dumping and burning wastes
which will cause adverse affects on environments and human health. Subsequently,
this will lead to socio-economic impacts, public health issues, industrial investment
confidences, tourism business effects, natural and marine eco-systems deteriorations.
Driven by limitations of associated resources for waste management and arising of environmental pollution problems, Thai government has recently announced
the national agenda on waste management and issued policy for pollution control
and management. Based on Resource Conservation and Recovery Principle, the policy addressed “prevention of deterioration and extinction of natural resources by
incorporation of all stakeholders including government, private sector, and NGOs
in conservation and recovery of resources as foundation and balance for sustainable
socio-economic development”.
Based on the issued policy, a new attempt of waste management is introduced,
known as “integrated solid waste management”. This management concept focuses
mainly on 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle) principle by control and reduction of
wastes at sources, increasing effectiveness of waste separation, recovery and utilization as well as proper disposal of waste residues. It is expected that application
of 3Rs principle will lead to systematic and effective waste management approach
from source reduction, recovery, reuse and recycling of the generated wastes before
final disposal. This concept will be considered as direction of MSW management in
countrywide.
2 Methodology
As a result of dramatically generation of MSW all over the country, major concern
is lack of mechanisms to control waste generation from production to consumption
and waste management processes. At present, there are no specifying responsibilities of related stakeholders such as producers, importers and distributors in order to
respond their products and packages in whole lifecycle, resulting in no developed
mechanisms to promote waste separation for reuse or recycling after consumption.
In order to promote reduction and recycling efficiencies of products, by-products,
recyclable materials and wastes, applications of 3Rs concept in Thailand will consider management from upstream processes. Therefore, Thailand’s 3Rs principle
will focus integrated waste management approach in cycle of waste generation from
production, distribution, consumption, recovery, treatment and disposal. In details,
four steps of waste management in Sound Material Cycle Society Principle of Japan
are used as model-based management technique. They are (i) waste, by-products and
pollution reduction in production and consumption processes, (ii) reuse of wastes
and products after consumption, (iii) recycling of un-reusable products and wastes
and (iv) proper disposal of un-recovery wastes. The 3Rs concept is shown in Fig. 1.
Integrating 3Rs concept into waste management system might be different in each
country due to socio-economic and waste problems differences. In Thailand, 3Rs and
C. Boonchit
46% of the MSW generated amount that is managed properly. The rest of them
are disposed of by unsanitary methods such as open-dumping and burning wastes
which will cause adverse affects on environments and human health. Subsequently,
this will lead to socio-economic impacts, public health issues, industrial investment
confidences, tourism business effects, natural and marine eco-systems deteriorations.
Driven by limitations of associated resources for waste management and arising of environmental pollution problems, Thai government has recently announced
the national agenda on waste management and issued policy for pollution control
and management. Based on Resource Conservation and Recovery Principle, the policy addressed “prevention of deterioration and extinction of natural resources by
incorporation of all stakeholders including government, private sector, and NGOs
in conservation and recovery of resources as foundation and balance for sustainable
socio-economic development”.
Based on the issued policy, a new attempt of waste management is introduced,
known as “integrated solid waste management”. This management concept focuses
mainly on 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle) principle by control and reduction of
wastes at sources, increasing effectiveness of waste separation, recovery and utilization as well as proper disposal of waste residues. It is expected that application
of 3Rs principle will lead to systematic and effective waste management approach
from source reduction, recovery, reuse and recycling of the generated wastes before
final disposal. This concept will be considered as direction of MSW management in
countrywide.
2 Methodology
As a result of dramatically generation of MSW all over the country, major concern
is lack of mechanisms to control waste generation from production to consumption
and waste management processes. At present, there are no specifying responsibilities of related stakeholders such as producers, importers and distributors in order to
respond their products and packages in whole lifecycle, resulting in no developed
mechanisms to promote waste separation for reuse or recycling after consumption.
In order to promote reduction and recycling efficiencies of products, by-products,
recyclable materials and wastes, applications of 3Rs concept in Thailand will consider management from upstream processes. Therefore, Thailand’s 3Rs principle
will focus integrated waste management approach in cycle of waste generation from
production, distribution, consumption, recovery, treatment and disposal. In details,
four steps of waste management in Sound Material Cycle Society Principle of Japan
are used as model-based management technique. They are (i) waste, by-products and
pollution reduction in production and consumption processes, (ii) reuse of wastes
and products after consumption, (iii) recycling of un-reusable products and wastes
and (iv) proper disposal of un-recovery wastes. The 3Rs concept is shown in Fig. 1.
Integrating 3Rs concept into waste management system might be different in each
country due to socio-economic and waste problems differences. In Thailand, 3Rs and