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cephalopod species has been reported to have grown significantly since 1984 as a
result of increasing demand in fisheries, market demand, and the spread of fishing
activities to new fishing areas and deeper waters (Jereb and Roper 2010).
Cephalopods (Class Cephalopoda) are represented by two extant subclasses,
Nautiloidea (Nautilus and Allonautilus) and Coleoidea and one extinct subclass,
Ammonoidea. Members of the subclass Coleoidea includes two subdivisions, the
Belemnoidea, which is the primitive form of cephalopod possessing ink sac and ten
equally sized arms, became extinct during the cretaceous period and Neocoleoidea
(cuttlefish, squid and octopus) where the shell has been internalized and reduced,
completely lost. The major division of Coleoidea is based upon the number of arms
or tentacles and their structure. The living coleoids can be segregated into two
superorders, Decapodiformes and Octopodiformes. The Decapodiformes has fourth
arm pair modified into long tentacles. The Decapodiformes contains two orders; the
order Teuthoidea, which includes two suborders [yopsida (closed-eye squids) and
Oeopsida (open-eye squids)] and the order Sepioidea which includes families like
Idiosepiidae (pygmy squid), Sepiidae (cuttlefish), Sepiolidae (bobtail squids),
Spirulidae (ram’s horn squid), and Sepiadariidae (bottletail squids). The
Octopodiformes includes the orders Octopoda (pelagic and benthic octopuses) and
Vampyromorpha (vamphire squid). Octopodiformes has modifications to second
arm pair; it is drastically reduced as a sensory filament in the Vampyromorphida,
while Octopoda species have totally lost that arm pair. The Octopoda contains two
suborders: Cirrata (deep-sea finned octopuses) and Incirrata (pelagic and benthic
octopuses including the argonautiods and blanket octopuses) (Venkatesan and
Mohamed 2015).
In the past 2 years, China and Morocco were the largest exporters of octopus,
while China, Peru and India were the top three exporters of squid and cuttlefish.
Japan, the United States, and larger southern European countries such as Spain and
Italy are the most important consumer markets. China and Thailand are also large
importers, although much of this volume is raw material for processing and reexport. The growing worldwide popularity of Japanese cuisine, as well as Hawaiian
poke (fish salad) and Spanish tapas, has helped to boost demand for cephalopods,
particularly squid and octopus. In 2017, and traded prices rose strongly (FAO 2018).
In 2016, the share of cephalopods (squid, octopus, and cuttlefish) in the world trade
was 3.8%. However, poor catches meant tightened supplies in 2016.
3 Molluscan Shellfish
cephalopod species has been reported to have grown significantly since 1984 as a
result of increasing demand in fisheries, market demand, and the spread of fishing
activities to new fishing areas and deeper waters (Jereb and Roper 2010).
Cephalopods (Class Cephalopoda) are represented by two extant subclasses,
Nautiloidea (Nautilus and Allonautilus) and Coleoidea and one extinct subclass,
Ammonoidea. Members of the subclass Coleoidea includes two subdivisions, the
Belemnoidea, which is the primitive form of cephalopod possessing ink sac and ten
equally sized arms, became extinct during the cretaceous period and Neocoleoidea
(cuttlefish, squid and octopus) where the shell has been internalized and reduced,
completely lost. The major division of Coleoidea is based upon the number of arms
or tentacles and their structure. The living coleoids can be segregated into two
superorders, Decapodiformes and Octopodiformes. The Decapodiformes has fourth
arm pair modified into long tentacles. The Decapodiformes contains two orders; the
order Teuthoidea, which includes two suborders [yopsida (closed-eye squids) and
Oeopsida (open-eye squids)] and the order Sepioidea which includes families like
Idiosepiidae (pygmy squid), Sepiidae (cuttlefish), Sepiolidae (bobtail squids),
Spirulidae (ram’s horn squid), and Sepiadariidae (bottletail squids). The
Octopodiformes includes the orders Octopoda (pelagic and benthic octopuses) and
Vampyromorpha (vamphire squid). Octopodiformes has modifications to second
arm pair; it is drastically reduced as a sensory filament in the Vampyromorphida,
while Octopoda species have totally lost that arm pair. The Octopoda contains two
suborders: Cirrata (deep-sea finned octopuses) and Incirrata (pelagic and benthic
octopuses including the argonautiods and blanket octopuses) (Venkatesan and
Mohamed 2015).
In the past 2 years, China and Morocco were the largest exporters of octopus,
while China, Peru and India were the top three exporters of squid and cuttlefish.
Japan, the United States, and larger southern European countries such as Spain and
Italy are the most important consumer markets. China and Thailand are also large
importers, although much of this volume is raw material for processing and reexport. The growing worldwide popularity of Japanese cuisine, as well as Hawaiian
poke (fish salad) and Spanish tapas, has helped to boost demand for cephalopods,
particularly squid and octopus. In 2017, and traded prices rose strongly (FAO 2018).
In 2016, the share of cephalopods (squid, octopus, and cuttlefish) in the world trade
was 3.8%. However, poor catches meant tightened supplies in 2016.
3 Molluscan Shellfish