160
Nutritive Composition of Clams
Clam meats are also an important source of protein as in mussels. As with other
shellfish products, they have low fat content. Clams are also an excellent source of
minerals.
There are several studies on the chemical composition of different clam species.
In one of these studies, in foot, mantle and viscera of Asian hard clam (Meretrix
lusoria), moisture content was 76.23, 84.22 and 80.89%; protein content 12.75,
9.09 and, 9.61%; fat content 1.58, 3.53 and 6.58; ash content 1.23, 1.94 and 2.58%
and carbohydrate content 7.89, 1.20 and 0.32% were reported (Karnjanapratum
et al. 2013).
In another study, moisture, protein, lipid, and ash contents of venerid clam
(Chamellia gallina) were reported to be 67%, 10.12%, 2.57%, and 1.66%, respectively. The mean concentrations of elements in tissues were found as boron
2.37–4.24 mg/kg, chromium 0–0.76 mg/kg, Cobalt 0–0.43 mg/kg, copper
0.71–5.30 mg/kg, Manganese 0.30–5.94 mg/kg, Zinc 13.08–77.76 mg/kg, Nickel
0–1.22 mg/kg, iron 2.46–114.22 mg/kg, Aluminium 1.23–75.49 mg/kg, lead
0.18–3.24 mg/kg, Barium 0.66–15.97 mg/kg, and Cadmium 0.04–0.69 mg/kg
(Arik-Colakoglu et al. 2011).
Orban et al. (2006) have reported that protein (8.55–10.75 g/100 g), total lipid
(0.73–1.59 g/100 g), glycogen (2.25–4.96 g/100 g) and non-protein nitrogen
(0.54–0.78 g/100 g) contents of venus clam (C. gallina) changed seasonally and
there was a relationship between proximate composition and condition index. They
found a prevalence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, 41.6–48.1% of total fatty
acids) over the saturated (SFA, 29.1–39.3% of total fatty acids) and monounsaturated ones (MUFA, 14.2–23.4% of total fatty acids) throughout the year.
Seasonal variation in proximate composition is also reported for venerid clam
(Chamellia gallina) and wedge clam (Donax trunculus) collected from the Marmara
Sea. 81.43–88.75% moisture, was 5.91–9.48% protein, 0.45–1.38% fat, 0.59–1.57%
ash and 2.19–4.87% carbohydrate for C. gallina, while for D. trunculus the moisture was as 80.14–87.33, protein as 6.94–11.24, fat as 2.36–4.55, ash as 2.59–5.68
and carbohydrate as 0.96–4.48 were reported (Ozden et al. 2009).
The biochemical composition of Ruditapes decussatus has been found to change
seasonally due to the reproductive cycle (Anibal et al. 2011). In the study of the
authors, it was determined that gametogenesis started in January and that ovulation
lasted from June to September and resting period lasted from October to December.
Therefore, it was determined that the nutritional values of clams were higher in
summer than in winter.
Mean moisture, protein, fat, and ash contents of venus clam (C. gallina) collected from Black Sea coasts of Turkey were reported as 85.76%, 8.49%%, 0.54%
and 2.27% respectively (Olmez et al. 2003). The moisture, protein, fat, and ash
contents of clam (Mactra chinensis) muscle collected from the coasts of the Japan
Sea were reported as 80.16%, 14.55%, 1.89%, 0.553%, respectively. Na
(1134–1527 mg 100 g
−1
) and K (1088–2293 mg 100 g
−1
) were found to be the main
macro elements in clam muscles. The major microelements present in the tissues of
3 Molluscan Shellfish
Nutritive Composition of Clams
Clam meats are also an important source of protein as in mussels. As with other
shellfish products, they have low fat content. Clams are also an excellent source of
minerals.
There are several studies on the chemical composition of different clam species.
In one of these studies, in foot, mantle and viscera of Asian hard clam (Meretrix
lusoria), moisture content was 76.23, 84.22 and 80.89%; protein content 12.75,
9.09 and, 9.61%; fat content 1.58, 3.53 and 6.58; ash content 1.23, 1.94 and 2.58%
and carbohydrate content 7.89, 1.20 and 0.32% were reported (Karnjanapratum
et al. 2013).
In another study, moisture, protein, lipid, and ash contents of venerid clam
(Chamellia gallina) were reported to be 67%, 10.12%, 2.57%, and 1.66%, respectively. The mean concentrations of elements in tissues were found as boron
2.37–4.24 mg/kg, chromium 0–0.76 mg/kg, Cobalt 0–0.43 mg/kg, copper
0.71–5.30 mg/kg, Manganese 0.30–5.94 mg/kg, Zinc 13.08–77.76 mg/kg, Nickel
0–1.22 mg/kg, iron 2.46–114.22 mg/kg, Aluminium 1.23–75.49 mg/kg, lead
0.18–3.24 mg/kg, Barium 0.66–15.97 mg/kg, and Cadmium 0.04–0.69 mg/kg
(Arik-Colakoglu et al. 2011).
Orban et al. (2006) have reported that protein (8.55–10.75 g/100 g), total lipid
(0.73–1.59 g/100 g), glycogen (2.25–4.96 g/100 g) and non-protein nitrogen
(0.54–0.78 g/100 g) contents of venus clam (C. gallina) changed seasonally and
there was a relationship between proximate composition and condition index. They
found a prevalence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, 41.6–48.1% of total fatty
acids) over the saturated (SFA, 29.1–39.3% of total fatty acids) and monounsaturated ones (MUFA, 14.2–23.4% of total fatty acids) throughout the year.
Seasonal variation in proximate composition is also reported for venerid clam
(Chamellia gallina) and wedge clam (Donax trunculus) collected from the Marmara
Sea. 81.43–88.75% moisture, was 5.91–9.48% protein, 0.45–1.38% fat, 0.59–1.57%
ash and 2.19–4.87% carbohydrate for C. gallina, while for D. trunculus the moisture was as 80.14–87.33, protein as 6.94–11.24, fat as 2.36–4.55, ash as 2.59–5.68
and carbohydrate as 0.96–4.48 were reported (Ozden et al. 2009).
The biochemical composition of Ruditapes decussatus has been found to change
seasonally due to the reproductive cycle (Anibal et al. 2011). In the study of the
authors, it was determined that gametogenesis started in January and that ovulation
lasted from June to September and resting period lasted from October to December.
Therefore, it was determined that the nutritional values of clams were higher in
summer than in winter.
Mean moisture, protein, fat, and ash contents of venus clam (C. gallina) collected from Black Sea coasts of Turkey were reported as 85.76%, 8.49%%, 0.54%
and 2.27% respectively (Olmez et al. 2003). The moisture, protein, fat, and ash
contents of clam (Mactra chinensis) muscle collected from the coasts of the Japan
Sea were reported as 80.16%, 14.55%, 1.89%, 0.553%, respectively. Na
(1134–1527 mg 100 g
−1
) and K (1088–2293 mg 100 g
−1
) were found to be the main
macro elements in clam muscles. The major microelements present in the tissues of
3 Molluscan Shellfish