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Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck 1819) (Mediterranean Mussel)
Mytilus galloprovincialis is the second most common type of Mytilus in the world
after M. edulis. This species, which is seen extensively in the Mediterranean basin,
is obtained from natural deposits or through culture production. Black mussels are
the most cultivated species in the world and their production constitutes 95% of the
cultural fishery worldwide. In the production of mussels, in which China and the EU
are the two largest producers, Chile and New Zealand follow these countries
(Colakoglu and Colakoğlu 2013).
In Europe, Mytilus galloprovincialis is found in the Mediterranean Sea and the
Black Sea, and on the Atlantic coasts, in Portugal, north to France and the British
Isles and Norway. In the northern Pacific the species is found along the coast of
California, where it was introduced from Europe by human activity in the early
twentieth century, and also in the Puget Sound region of Washington State, where it
has been subject to aquaculture. Mytilus galloprovincialis is also present as a native
lineage in parts of the Southern Hemisphere (Wikipedia 2019b).
M. galloprovincialis lives on hard substrates from the intertidal zone to depths of
40 m. It is found along coasts and rocky shores, and in sheltered harbours and estuaries. M. galloprovincialis is cultivated in Albania, Bulgaria, China, Egypt, the
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, France, Greece, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, the
Russian Federation, Spain, South Africa, Turkey, Ukraine, Canada, and in the
Scottish lakes (Cabi 2019a).
Mytilus galloprovincialis is dark blue or brown to almost black. The two shells
are equal and nearly quadrangular. The outside is black-violet coloured; on one side
the rim of the shell ends with a pointed and slightly bent umbo while the other side
is rounded, although shell shape varies by region. It also tends to grow larger than
its cousins, up to 15 cm, although typically only 5–8 cm (Global Invasive Species
Database 2019).
Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Asian Green Mussel)
Perna viridis, known as the Asian green mussel, is an economically important mussel, a bivalve belonging to the family Mytilidae. It is native in the Asia-Pacific
region but has been introduced in the Caribbean, and in the waters around Japan,
North America, and South America. Perna viridis ranges from 80 to 100 mm in
Fig. 3.1 Mytilus edulis
3.1 Bivalves
Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck 1819) (Mediterranean Mussel)
Mytilus galloprovincialis is the second most common type of Mytilus in the world
after M. edulis. This species, which is seen extensively in the Mediterranean basin,
is obtained from natural deposits or through culture production. Black mussels are
the most cultivated species in the world and their production constitutes 95% of the
cultural fishery worldwide. In the production of mussels, in which China and the EU
are the two largest producers, Chile and New Zealand follow these countries
(Colakoglu and Colakoğlu 2013).
In Europe, Mytilus galloprovincialis is found in the Mediterranean Sea and the
Black Sea, and on the Atlantic coasts, in Portugal, north to France and the British
Isles and Norway. In the northern Pacific the species is found along the coast of
California, where it was introduced from Europe by human activity in the early
twentieth century, and also in the Puget Sound region of Washington State, where it
has been subject to aquaculture. Mytilus galloprovincialis is also present as a native
lineage in parts of the Southern Hemisphere (Wikipedia 2019b).
M. galloprovincialis lives on hard substrates from the intertidal zone to depths of
40 m. It is found along coasts and rocky shores, and in sheltered harbours and estuaries. M. galloprovincialis is cultivated in Albania, Bulgaria, China, Egypt, the
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, France, Greece, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, the
Russian Federation, Spain, South Africa, Turkey, Ukraine, Canada, and in the
Scottish lakes (Cabi 2019a).
Mytilus galloprovincialis is dark blue or brown to almost black. The two shells
are equal and nearly quadrangular. The outside is black-violet coloured; on one side
the rim of the shell ends with a pointed and slightly bent umbo while the other side
is rounded, although shell shape varies by region. It also tends to grow larger than
its cousins, up to 15 cm, although typically only 5–8 cm (Global Invasive Species
Database 2019).
Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Asian Green Mussel)
Perna viridis, known as the Asian green mussel, is an economically important mussel, a bivalve belonging to the family Mytilidae. It is native in the Asia-Pacific
region but has been introduced in the Caribbean, and in the waters around Japan,
North America, and South America. Perna viridis ranges from 80 to 100 mm in
Fig. 3.1 Mytilus edulis
3.1 Bivalves