47. Hofman P (2017) ALK in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pathobiology, epidemiology,
detection from tumor tissue and algorithm diagnosis in a daily practice. Cancers 9(8):107
48. Nwizu T et al (2011) Crizotinib (PF02341066) as a ALK/MET inhibitor – special emphasis as
a therapeutic drug against lung cancer. Drugs Future 36(2):91–99
49. Kwak EL et al (2010) Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibition in non–small-cell lung cancer.
N Engl J Med 363(18):1693–1703
50. Crinò L et al (2011) Initial phase II results with crizotinib in advanced ALK-positive non-small
cell lung cancer (NSCLC): PROFILE 1005. J Clin Oncol 29(15_suppl):7514
51. Shaw AT et al (2013) Crizotinib versus chemotherapy in advanced ALK-positive lung cancer.
N Engl J Med 368(25):2385–2394
52. Solomon BJ et al (2014) First-line crizotinib versus chemotherapy in ALK-positive lung
cancer. N Engl J Med 371(23):2167–2177
53. Friboulet L et al (2014) The ALK inhibitor ceritinib overcomes crizotinib resistance in
non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Discov 4(6):662–673
54. Kim D-W et al (2016) Activity and safety of ceritinib in patients with ALK-rearranged nonsmall-cell lung cancer (ASCEND-1): updated results from the multicentre, open-label, phase
1 trial. Lancet Oncol 17(4):452–463
55. Crinò L et al (2016) Multicenter phase II study of whole-body and intracranial activity with
ceritinib in patients with ALK-rearranged non–small-cell lung cancer previously treated with
chemotherapy and crizotinib: results from ASCEND-2. J Clin Oncol 34(24):2866–2873
56. Bearz A et al (2016) Ceritinib vs chemotherapy (CT) in patients (pts) with advanced anaplastic
lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged (ALK+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously
treated with CT and crizotinib (CRZ): results from the confirmatory phase 3 ASCEND-5
study. Ann Oncol 27(suppl_6):1–36
57. Soria J-C et al (2017) First-line ceritinib versus platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced
ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (ASCEND-4): a randomised, open-label, phase
3 study. Lancet 389(10072):917–929
58. Rothenstein JM, Chooback N (2018) ALK inhibitors, resistance development, clinical trials.
Curr Oncol 25(Suppl 1):S59–S67
59. Zeaiter A et al (2016) Updated efficacy and safety from the global phase II NP28673 study of
alectinib in patients (pts) with previously treated ALK+ non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Ann Oncol 27(suppl_6):1263P
60. Yang JC-H et al (2017) Pooled systemic efficacy and safety data from the pivotal phase II
studies (NP28673 and NP28761) of alectinib in ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer.
J Thorac Oncol 12(10):1552–1560
61. Peters S et al (2017) Alectinib versus crizotinib in untreated ALK-positive non–small-cell lung
cancer. N Engl J Med 377(9):829–838
62. Huang W-S et al (2016) Discovery of brigatinib (AP26113), a phosphine oxide-containing,
potent, orally active inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase. J Med Chem 59(10):4948–4964
63. Kim D-W et al (2017) Brigatinib in patients with crizotinib-refractory anaplastic lymphoma
kinase–positive non–small-cell lung cancer: a randomized, multicenter phase II trial. J Clin
Oncol 35(22):2490–2498
64. Solomon B et al (2017) OA 05.06 phase 2 study of lorlatinib in patients with advanced ALK
+ /
ROS1
+ non-small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 12(11):S1756
65. Solomon BJ et al (2018) Lorlatinib in patients with ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer:
results from a global phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 19(12):1654–1667
66. Folkman J (1971) Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. N Engl J Med 285
(21):1182–1186
67. Ferrara N, Gerber H-P, LeCouter J (2003) The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med
9:669
68. Ferrara N (2002) VEGF and the quest for tumour angiogenesis factors. Nat Rev Cancer 2:795
69. Di Lorenzo G et al (2010) Third-line sorafenib after sequential therapy with sunitinib and mtor
inhibitors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 58(6):906–911
Exploiting Kinase Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment: An Overview of Clinical. . .
147
detection from tumor tissue and algorithm diagnosis in a daily practice. Cancers 9(8):107
48. Nwizu T et al (2011) Crizotinib (PF02341066) as a ALK/MET inhibitor – special emphasis as
a therapeutic drug against lung cancer. Drugs Future 36(2):91–99
49. Kwak EL et al (2010) Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibition in non–small-cell lung cancer.
N Engl J Med 363(18):1693–1703
50. Crinò L et al (2011) Initial phase II results with crizotinib in advanced ALK-positive non-small
cell lung cancer (NSCLC): PROFILE 1005. J Clin Oncol 29(15_suppl):7514
51. Shaw AT et al (2013) Crizotinib versus chemotherapy in advanced ALK-positive lung cancer.
N Engl J Med 368(25):2385–2394
52. Solomon BJ et al (2014) First-line crizotinib versus chemotherapy in ALK-positive lung
cancer. N Engl J Med 371(23):2167–2177
53. Friboulet L et al (2014) The ALK inhibitor ceritinib overcomes crizotinib resistance in
non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Discov 4(6):662–673
54. Kim D-W et al (2016) Activity and safety of ceritinib in patients with ALK-rearranged nonsmall-cell lung cancer (ASCEND-1): updated results from the multicentre, open-label, phase
1 trial. Lancet Oncol 17(4):452–463
55. Crinò L et al (2016) Multicenter phase II study of whole-body and intracranial activity with
ceritinib in patients with ALK-rearranged non–small-cell lung cancer previously treated with
chemotherapy and crizotinib: results from ASCEND-2. J Clin Oncol 34(24):2866–2873
56. Bearz A et al (2016) Ceritinib vs chemotherapy (CT) in patients (pts) with advanced anaplastic
lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged (ALK+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously
treated with CT and crizotinib (CRZ): results from the confirmatory phase 3 ASCEND-5
study. Ann Oncol 27(suppl_6):1–36
57. Soria J-C et al (2017) First-line ceritinib versus platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced
ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (ASCEND-4): a randomised, open-label, phase
3 study. Lancet 389(10072):917–929
58. Rothenstein JM, Chooback N (2018) ALK inhibitors, resistance development, clinical trials.
Curr Oncol 25(Suppl 1):S59–S67
59. Zeaiter A et al (2016) Updated efficacy and safety from the global phase II NP28673 study of
alectinib in patients (pts) with previously treated ALK+ non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Ann Oncol 27(suppl_6):1263P
60. Yang JC-H et al (2017) Pooled systemic efficacy and safety data from the pivotal phase II
studies (NP28673 and NP28761) of alectinib in ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer.
J Thorac Oncol 12(10):1552–1560
61. Peters S et al (2017) Alectinib versus crizotinib in untreated ALK-positive non–small-cell lung
cancer. N Engl J Med 377(9):829–838
62. Huang W-S et al (2016) Discovery of brigatinib (AP26113), a phosphine oxide-containing,
potent, orally active inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase. J Med Chem 59(10):4948–4964
63. Kim D-W et al (2017) Brigatinib in patients with crizotinib-refractory anaplastic lymphoma
kinase–positive non–small-cell lung cancer: a randomized, multicenter phase II trial. J Clin
Oncol 35(22):2490–2498
64. Solomon B et al (2017) OA 05.06 phase 2 study of lorlatinib in patients with advanced ALK
+ /
ROS1
+ non-small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 12(11):S1756
65. Solomon BJ et al (2018) Lorlatinib in patients with ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer:
results from a global phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 19(12):1654–1667
66. Folkman J (1971) Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. N Engl J Med 285
(21):1182–1186
67. Ferrara N, Gerber H-P, LeCouter J (2003) The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med
9:669
68. Ferrara N (2002) VEGF and the quest for tumour angiogenesis factors. Nat Rev Cancer 2:795
69. Di Lorenzo G et al (2010) Third-line sorafenib after sequential therapy with sunitinib and mtor
inhibitors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 58(6):906–911
Exploiting Kinase Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment: An Overview of Clinical. . .
147