1.3 Several Definitions
7
These definitions finally make possible to introduce into any inventory of dangerous products such as dust produced by certain mechanical operations (wood dust)
which were known to be carcinogenic, without being classifiable. We can also cite
fumes from thermal operations such as welding, melting, and baking of certain materials including those containing lead or chromium. In the ambit of food and beverage
industries, the problem is extremely important because many (or all) of food preparation processes include mechanical operations, low- or high-temperature steps, melting/fusion, baking, freezing operations, smoking operations (where wood dust is
generated or liquefied by means of water impregnation).
The danger of a chemical agent is a property of the latter which specifies the type
of damage it may cause: intoxication, irritation, injury, burn, cancer, fire, explosion,
etc. It is indicated in the labeling when it exists.
1.3.3 Definition 3
‘Substances’ mean chemical elements and their compounds as they occur naturally
or as they are obtained by any process of production possibly containing any additive
necessary to preserve the stability of the product and any impurity resulting in the
process, excluding any solvent that can be separated without affecting the stability of
the substance or altering its composition (United States Department of Labor 2013).
1.3.4 Definition 4
‘Preparations’ mean mixtures or solutions consisting of two or more substances,
instead of one (and homogeneous) element or substance (Csuros 1997). An important
example is the so-called food gas: foaming agents, packaging gases, propellants, and
raising agents (Laganà et al. 2019a, b, c, d).
1.3.5 Definition 5
‘Synthetic intermediate’ means a chemical substance produced, stored, or used solely
for chemical processing in order to be transformed into another chemical or other
chemical substances.
Certain dangerous chemical agents are called carcinogenic, mutagenic, and toxic
agents, classified in ‘CMR’ category, and consequently they are the subject of a
particular treatment in terms of prevention. On the international level, labor codes
include common provisions to DCA and their sub-category, CMR agents (Fig. 1.2).
7
These definitions finally make possible to introduce into any inventory of dangerous products such as dust produced by certain mechanical operations (wood dust)
which were known to be carcinogenic, without being classifiable. We can also cite
fumes from thermal operations such as welding, melting, and baking of certain materials including those containing lead or chromium. In the ambit of food and beverage
industries, the problem is extremely important because many (or all) of food preparation processes include mechanical operations, low- or high-temperature steps, melting/fusion, baking, freezing operations, smoking operations (where wood dust is
generated or liquefied by means of water impregnation).
The danger of a chemical agent is a property of the latter which specifies the type
of damage it may cause: intoxication, irritation, injury, burn, cancer, fire, explosion,
etc. It is indicated in the labeling when it exists.
1.3.3 Definition 3
‘Substances’ mean chemical elements and their compounds as they occur naturally
or as they are obtained by any process of production possibly containing any additive
necessary to preserve the stability of the product and any impurity resulting in the
process, excluding any solvent that can be separated without affecting the stability of
the substance or altering its composition (United States Department of Labor 2013).
1.3.4 Definition 4
‘Preparations’ mean mixtures or solutions consisting of two or more substances,
instead of one (and homogeneous) element or substance (Csuros 1997). An important
example is the so-called food gas: foaming agents, packaging gases, propellants, and
raising agents (Laganà et al. 2019a, b, c, d).
1.3.5 Definition 5
‘Synthetic intermediate’ means a chemical substance produced, stored, or used solely
for chemical processing in order to be transformed into another chemical or other
chemical substances.
Certain dangerous chemical agents are called carcinogenic, mutagenic, and toxic
agents, classified in ‘CMR’ category, and consequently they are the subject of a
particular treatment in terms of prevention. On the international level, labor codes
include common provisions to DCA and their sub-category, CMR agents (Fig. 1.2).