355
20
? Ten Quickies
1. Explain the similar approaches of a
biorefinery compared to a conventional
oil refinery using the products!
2. What form of material products can
a biorefinery potentially provide in
addition to an oil refinery?
3. What does the term “integration” mean in
the context of biorefineries?
4. Explain the term “Phase-I-biorefinery”
using the example of fatty acid
production from vegetable oils!
5. Which phase of the biorefineries can be
considered to include the conversion of
glucose from the hydrolysis of starch to
various C3 to C6 compounds? Name four
of these derivatives!
6. Use the example of a vegetable oil
biorefinery to differentiate primary
refining from secondary refining!
7. Name two examples each for a
semi-finished product and a final product
of a possible vegetable oil biorefinery!
8. Which raw material is the base for
the green biorefinery? Which two
biochemicals are the main products,
starting from press juice?
9. Which platform intermediate is
particularly promising concerning
a Phase-III-biorefinery? Name three
possible raw materials that do not
compete with food!
10. Name three energy-related products of
a lignocellulose biorefinery and their
corresponding production process!
References
Monographs and Review Articles
Wagemann K, Tippkötter N (eds) (2019) Biorefineries.
Springer Intern. Publ.
Alzate CAC, Botero JM, Marulanda VA (2018) Biorefineries
- design and analysis. CRC Press, Francis and Taylor
Group
Bhaskar T, Pandey A, Mohan SV, Lee D-J, Khanal SK
(2018) Waste biorefinery - potential and perspectives.
Elsevier
Summary (Take-Home Messages)
5 The biorefinery should be seen
analogously to the oil refinery in order to
supply humanity with all the necessary
products such as energy, fuels, chemicals,
materials, etc.
5 The biorefinery is not based on fossil
carbon sources, but various biomass such
as wheat straw, sugar cane or oil plants.
5 The aim of a biorefinery is to recycle all
product streams or make them available
for use. This integration is intended to
minimize the amount of waste generated.
5 A distinction is made between different
phases of biorefineries, which differ in
the number of recyclable products, the
processes used and the end products.
5 Many processes known as
Phase-I-biorefineries, in which a single
product based on a single raw material
is produced in a single process step,
can be regarded as part of Phase II or
Phase-III-biorefinery.
5 A further classification can be made
based on the platform intermediates
accessible from the processed biomass.
The most important are vegetable oils,
sugar or starch, lignocellulose, biogas and
synthesis gas.
5 The scheme of a biorefinery can be
constructed from the three basic
building blocks of raw material, platform
intermediate and (intermediate) product
as well as the processes as connecting
elements.
5 In the process known as primary refining,
the platform intermediate is formed from
the biomass raw material.
5 In many different secondary refining
processes, several products are produced
from the platform intermediates, which
are either further refined or used directly.
5 The lignocellulose biorefinery is often
regarded as the most promising of the
various variants and is currently the
subject of intensive research.
20.3 · Examples of Biorefineries
20
? Ten Quickies
1. Explain the similar approaches of a
biorefinery compared to a conventional
oil refinery using the products!
2. What form of material products can
a biorefinery potentially provide in
addition to an oil refinery?
3. What does the term “integration” mean in
the context of biorefineries?
4. Explain the term “Phase-I-biorefinery”
using the example of fatty acid
production from vegetable oils!
5. Which phase of the biorefineries can be
considered to include the conversion of
glucose from the hydrolysis of starch to
various C3 to C6 compounds? Name four
of these derivatives!
6. Use the example of a vegetable oil
biorefinery to differentiate primary
refining from secondary refining!
7. Name two examples each for a
semi-finished product and a final product
of a possible vegetable oil biorefinery!
8. Which raw material is the base for
the green biorefinery? Which two
biochemicals are the main products,
starting from press juice?
9. Which platform intermediate is
particularly promising concerning
a Phase-III-biorefinery? Name three
possible raw materials that do not
compete with food!
10. Name three energy-related products of
a lignocellulose biorefinery and their
corresponding production process!
References
Monographs and Review Articles
Wagemann K, Tippkötter N (eds) (2019) Biorefineries.
Springer Intern. Publ.
Alzate CAC, Botero JM, Marulanda VA (2018) Biorefineries
- design and analysis. CRC Press, Francis and Taylor
Group
Bhaskar T, Pandey A, Mohan SV, Lee D-J, Khanal SK
(2018) Waste biorefinery - potential and perspectives.
Elsevier
Summary (Take-Home Messages)
5 The biorefinery should be seen
analogously to the oil refinery in order to
supply humanity with all the necessary
products such as energy, fuels, chemicals,
materials, etc.
5 The biorefinery is not based on fossil
carbon sources, but various biomass such
as wheat straw, sugar cane or oil plants.
5 The aim of a biorefinery is to recycle all
product streams or make them available
for use. This integration is intended to
minimize the amount of waste generated.
5 A distinction is made between different
phases of biorefineries, which differ in
the number of recyclable products, the
processes used and the end products.
5 Many processes known as
Phase-I-biorefineries, in which a single
product based on a single raw material
is produced in a single process step,
can be regarded as part of Phase II or
Phase-III-biorefinery.
5 A further classification can be made
based on the platform intermediates
accessible from the processed biomass.
The most important are vegetable oils,
sugar or starch, lignocellulose, biogas and
synthesis gas.
5 The scheme of a biorefinery can be
constructed from the three basic
building blocks of raw material, platform
intermediate and (intermediate) product
as well as the processes as connecting
elements.
5 In the process known as primary refining,
the platform intermediate is formed from
the biomass raw material.
5 In many different secondary refining
processes, several products are produced
from the platform intermediates, which
are either further refined or used directly.
5 The lignocellulose biorefinery is often
regarded as the most promising of the
various variants and is currently the
subject of intensive research.
20.3 · Examples of Biorefineries