2
P. Senthil Kumar and G. Janet Joshiba
many studies have conducted to monitor the disposal, effect, and transfiguration of
plastics on the surroundings [1]. Plastics are one of the leading pollutants present
in higher amount in the marine environment; furthermore, this plastic pollution has
become one of the greatest hindrances for the tourist sectors of the coastal regions
[2]. Plastics, when disposed of, are not only a worry (or opportunity) for the industry
but at the same time is a worry for the legislature that needs to deal with the Municipal
Strong Waste [3]. Although plastic has numerous profitable uses in society, it is preferred only for single time usage or as expendable plastic. Around the globe, nearly
one million plastic drinking water bottles are utilized every moment, at the same time
up to 5 trillion single usage plastic packs are utilized worldwide consistently (www.
unenvironment.org). The high strength, less density, wear resistance, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance are some of the unique properties of the plastic which
makes it available for versatile application [4]. The plastic waste found in the land
background is due to the floods, over discharge of drainage, an increase of dumpsites,
improperly maintained landfills and sudden natural disasters. The plastic pollution
in the aquatic systems is due to the discharge of wastes from ships, dumping of nondegradable wastes under the sea and other commercial sources [5]. The waste plastic
released from the industries, commercial and domestic sources are distinguished
into macro plastics and micro plastics based upon the size of the plastic. Usually, the
macroplastics are larger plastic compounds which are of the size range greater than
25 mm, in addition, consumption of these macroplastics causes damage to the living
organisms present in the aquatic ecosystem. Microplasticsarethe plastic compounds
which are of the size range less than 5 mm, moreover, it is primarily utilized as raw
materials in the cosmetic industry, pharmaceutical industry, and textile industry. As
these plastics are complex to degrade, they easily enter the food chain of the living
organisms which further results in bio accumulation and bio magnification [2, 6].
In order to combat all the deleterious effects of the plastics, effective measures for
plastic waste management have been carried out. As the plastic stake a large span of
time for degradation the complete degradation of plastics is not possible. In addition,
the disposal of plastics through pyrolysis and landfills also aggravate several harmful
consequences in the environment [7]. Further, to reduce the ill effects of the waste
generated, the industries are insisted to follow environmental friendly manufacturing
practices. Many environmental and governmental organizations have made attempts
to publicize the green industries and its application to conceive consciousness about
the difficulty in waste disposal. The 3R concept was seemed to be one of the efficient
ways of Reducing and managing industrial waste. The recycling method is a classical
technique used for a longer time period to reduce the environmental ill effects caused
due to the accumulation of hazardous nondegradable waste products [8].
The textile business is of incredible significance to the economies of each nation.
In addition, it occupies a major place in elevating the venture, income, business,
and exchange. In 2015, the span of the worldwide clothing market came to USD
1685 billion [9]. Textile waste is seemed to be one of the leading industry utilizing polyester fibers for garment manufacturing. While washing the garments, the
polyester fibers release microplastics as the major contaminants into the aquatic systems. It is reported that the laundering of about 5 kg of polyester materials emits
P. Senthil Kumar and G. Janet Joshiba
many studies have conducted to monitor the disposal, effect, and transfiguration of
plastics on the surroundings [1]. Plastics are one of the leading pollutants present
in higher amount in the marine environment; furthermore, this plastic pollution has
become one of the greatest hindrances for the tourist sectors of the coastal regions
[2]. Plastics, when disposed of, are not only a worry (or opportunity) for the industry
but at the same time is a worry for the legislature that needs to deal with the Municipal
Strong Waste [3]. Although plastic has numerous profitable uses in society, it is preferred only for single time usage or as expendable plastic. Around the globe, nearly
one million plastic drinking water bottles are utilized every moment, at the same time
up to 5 trillion single usage plastic packs are utilized worldwide consistently (www.
unenvironment.org). The high strength, less density, wear resistance, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance are some of the unique properties of the plastic which
makes it available for versatile application [4]. The plastic waste found in the land
background is due to the floods, over discharge of drainage, an increase of dumpsites,
improperly maintained landfills and sudden natural disasters. The plastic pollution
in the aquatic systems is due to the discharge of wastes from ships, dumping of nondegradable wastes under the sea and other commercial sources [5]. The waste plastic
released from the industries, commercial and domestic sources are distinguished
into macro plastics and micro plastics based upon the size of the plastic. Usually, the
macroplastics are larger plastic compounds which are of the size range greater than
25 mm, in addition, consumption of these macroplastics causes damage to the living
organisms present in the aquatic ecosystem. Microplasticsarethe plastic compounds
which are of the size range less than 5 mm, moreover, it is primarily utilized as raw
materials in the cosmetic industry, pharmaceutical industry, and textile industry. As
these plastics are complex to degrade, they easily enter the food chain of the living
organisms which further results in bio accumulation and bio magnification [2, 6].
In order to combat all the deleterious effects of the plastics, effective measures for
plastic waste management have been carried out. As the plastic stake a large span of
time for degradation the complete degradation of plastics is not possible. In addition,
the disposal of plastics through pyrolysis and landfills also aggravate several harmful
consequences in the environment [7]. Further, to reduce the ill effects of the waste
generated, the industries are insisted to follow environmental friendly manufacturing
practices. Many environmental and governmental organizations have made attempts
to publicize the green industries and its application to conceive consciousness about
the difficulty in waste disposal. The 3R concept was seemed to be one of the efficient
ways of Reducing and managing industrial waste. The recycling method is a classical
technique used for a longer time period to reduce the environmental ill effects caused
due to the accumulation of hazardous nondegradable waste products [8].
The textile business is of incredible significance to the economies of each nation.
In addition, it occupies a major place in elevating the venture, income, business,
and exchange. In 2015, the span of the worldwide clothing market came to USD
1685 billion [9]. Textile waste is seemed to be one of the leading industry utilizing polyester fibers for garment manufacturing. While washing the garments, the
polyester fibers release microplastics as the major contaminants into the aquatic systems. It is reported that the laundering of about 5 kg of polyester materials emits