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P. Senthil Kumar and S. Suganya
sustainable. In order not to destroy polyester’s durability (use-life), re-use or recycling potential, the fabric composition, and design have to be made specific. Recycling technologies are broadly classified into primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary approaches. It is in accordance with the types of waste; the materials how they
are sorted out; how stacked based on the condition; consumption of resources like
energy and other substances. These approaches can be achieved through mechanical,
chemical and biological methods.
Before investment, any recycling practitioner must have the basic idea of what
is pre-consumer or post-consumer waste. First, pre-consumer waste is composed of
fiber and yarn waste; waste from trials and process tuning from the textile mills (particularly dying); cutting waste from garment manufacturing; and unsold stock from
brands, wholesalers and retailers. So, these wastes are recycled into miracle resultant for new indoor applications. Second, post-consumer wastes is the garments or
textiles discarded after use because they are haggard, damaged, shrink or gone out of
fashion [5]. The clothes thrown away or end up in municipal landfills or incineration
plants are categorized here. In an environmental aspect, waste is classified based on
the route of disposal. Domestic waste in most of the cases ends up in landfilling rather
than burning, creating potential land use with the emission of hazardous substances
to soil and groundwater (depending on the way the landfill is controlled). However,
a separate collection channel of textile waste is advisable to reuse the virgin raw
materials refraining from the low standard waste dump or incineration fire (Fig. 1).
Strategies to recycle is as follows:
• First grade the incoming material into type and color
• Shred and blend with selected fibers (depend upon intended use)
• Clean or bleach the blended mixture
• The end product might be non-woven, used as soft, mattress fillings and furniture
padding
• The end product of fibers involves in spinning is much complicated.
Prior to the above strategies, the new making of recycled polyester requires shredding, granulating, melting and then significant extruding. It can replace the use of
virgin fibers in each cycle but eventually, the quality of fiber will be decreased and
end up in disposal or incineration. This is known as down-cycling.
2.1 Types of the Recycling Process
Contemporarily, recycling of polyester takes place in both mechanical and chemical
methods (Fig. 2).
P. Senthil Kumar and S. Suganya
sustainable. In order not to destroy polyester’s durability (use-life), re-use or recycling potential, the fabric composition, and design have to be made specific. Recycling technologies are broadly classified into primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary approaches. It is in accordance with the types of waste; the materials how they
are sorted out; how stacked based on the condition; consumption of resources like
energy and other substances. These approaches can be achieved through mechanical,
chemical and biological methods.
Before investment, any recycling practitioner must have the basic idea of what
is pre-consumer or post-consumer waste. First, pre-consumer waste is composed of
fiber and yarn waste; waste from trials and process tuning from the textile mills (particularly dying); cutting waste from garment manufacturing; and unsold stock from
brands, wholesalers and retailers. So, these wastes are recycled into miracle resultant for new indoor applications. Second, post-consumer wastes is the garments or
textiles discarded after use because they are haggard, damaged, shrink or gone out of
fashion [5]. The clothes thrown away or end up in municipal landfills or incineration
plants are categorized here. In an environmental aspect, waste is classified based on
the route of disposal. Domestic waste in most of the cases ends up in landfilling rather
than burning, creating potential land use with the emission of hazardous substances
to soil and groundwater (depending on the way the landfill is controlled). However,
a separate collection channel of textile waste is advisable to reuse the virgin raw
materials refraining from the low standard waste dump or incineration fire (Fig. 1).
Strategies to recycle is as follows:
• First grade the incoming material into type and color
• Shred and blend with selected fibers (depend upon intended use)
• Clean or bleach the blended mixture
• The end product might be non-woven, used as soft, mattress fillings and furniture
padding
• The end product of fibers involves in spinning is much complicated.
Prior to the above strategies, the new making of recycled polyester requires shredding, granulating, melting and then significant extruding. It can replace the use of
virgin fibers in each cycle but eventually, the quality of fiber will be decreased and
end up in disposal or incineration. This is known as down-cycling.
2.1 Types of the Recycling Process
Contemporarily, recycling of polyester takes place in both mechanical and chemical
methods (Fig. 2).