19 Use of Microalgae Pigments in Aquaculture
477
Table 19.1
(continued)
Compounds
Microalgae species
Uses
Effects
References
Astaxanthin, lutein,
zeaxanthin,
canthaxanthin,
Chlorophylls a and b
Haematococcus pluvialis
Feed supplements in rainbow
trout, Oncorhyncus mykiss
Increased blood astaxanthin
Barbosa et al. (1999), Batista
et al. (2013)
Carotenoids:
Astaxanthin
Haematococcus pluvialis
Dietary supplement in
Litopenaeus vannamei
Pigment enhancement
Ju et al. (2011)
Carotenoids:
Astaxanthin
Haematococcus pluvialis
Pigment enhancement in
salmon and rainbow trout
Enhanced body colouration
Brizio et al. (2013)
Carotenoids:
Astaxanthin
Haematococcus pluvialis
Growth, antioxidant responses
and skin pigmentation in olive
flounder, Paralichthys
olivaceus
Increase total carotenoid
contents, antioxidant activities
and pigmentation
Pham et al. (2014)
Carotenoids:
Astaxanthin
Haematococcus pluvialis
(biomass)
Dietary feeds of large yellow
croaker Pseudosciaena crocea
Enhanced growth
performance, antioxidant
status and immune response
Li et al. (2014)
Total microalgae biomass:
Carotenoids
Haematococcus pluvialis
Dietary supplementation with
microalgae biomass for
Litopenaeus vannamei
Improved immune capacity,
low salinity tolerance
Xie et al. (2018)
Carotenoids:
mainly fucoxanthin
Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Feed additives
Enhanced health due to high
antioxidant properties
Feller et al. (2018)
Carotenoids:
mainly zeaxanthin
Nannochloropsis oculata
Feed additives
Enhanced health
Feller et al. (2018)
Phycobiliproteins:
Phycoerythrin
Porphyridium cruentum
Feed additives
Enhanced health
Feller et al. (2018)
(continued)