16 Chlorophylls as Food Additives
419
Spolaore, P., Joannis-Cassan, C., Duran, E., & Isambert, A. (2006). Commercial applications of
microalgae. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 101(2), 87–96.
Streit, N. M., Canterle, L. P., Canto, M. W. do, & Hecktheuer, L. H. H. (2005). As clorofilas. Ciência
Rural, 35(3), 748–755.
Srivatsan, A., Pera, P., Joshi, P., Wang, Y., Missert, J. R., Tracy, E. C., et al. (2015). Effect of
chirality on cellular uptake, imaging and photodynamic therapy of photosensitizers derived from
chlorophyll-a. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 23, 3603–3617.
Stauber, J. L., & Jeffrey, S. W. (1988). Photosynthetic pigments in fifty-one species of marine
diatoms. Journal of Phycology, 24, 158–172.
Strompfova, V., Kubašova, I., Farbakova, J., Gancarˇ cikova, S., Mudroˇ nova, D., Ma ˇ
dari, D., et al.
(2015). Experimental application of Lactobacillus fermentum CCM 7421 in combination with
chlorophyllin in dogs. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 99, 8681–8690.
Transparency Market Research. (2017). Copper Complexes of Chlorophyll and Chlorophyllins
Market—Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2017–2027.
Retrieved April 12, 2019, from https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com.
Tumolo, T., & Lanfer-Marquez, U. M. (2012). Copper chlorophyllin: A food colorant with bioactive
properties? Food Research International, 46(2), 451–459.
Ulbricht, C., Bramwell, R., Catapang, M., Giese, N., Isaac, R., Le, T.-D., et al. (2014). An evidencebased systematic review of chlorophyll by the natural standard research collaboration. Journal
of Dietary Supplements, 11(2), 198–239.
US FDA, Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) Listing of Color Additives Exempt
from Certification Title 21, Chapter I, Subchapter A, Part 73. (2019a). Retrieved January 21,
2019, from https://www.ecfr.gov/cgibin/retrieveECFR?gp=&SID=3463c48f55ae08efd0996829
01bb9500&r=PART&n=pt21.1.73.
US FDA, Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) Listing of Color Additives Exempt
from Certification Title 21, Chapter I, Subchapter A, Part 73. (2019b). Retrieved January 21,
2019, from https://www.ecfr.gov/cgibin/retrieveECFR?gp=&SID=3463c48f55ae08efd0996829
01bb9500&r=PART&n=pt21.1.73#se21.1.73_1530.
Viera, I., Chen, K., Ríos, J. J., Benito, I., Pérez-Gálvez, A., & Roca, M. (2018). First-Pass metabolism
of chlorophylls in mice. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 62(17), 1800562.
Vieira, I., Pérez-Gálvez, A., & Roca, M. (2019). Green natural colorants. Molecules, 24, 154.
Volp, A. C. P., Renhe, I. R. T., & Stringueta, P. C. (2009). Pigmentos naturais bioativos. Alimentos
e Nutrição, 20(1), 157–166.
Voort, M. P. J., Vulstake, E., & Visser, C. L. M. (2015). Macro-economics of algae products. Public
output report WP2A7.02 of the En Algae project, Swansea, June, p. 47.
Wang, S. Y., Tseng, C. P., Tsai, K. C., Lin, C. F., Wen, C. Y., Tsay, H. S., et al. (2009). Bioactivityguided screening identifies pheophytin a as a potent anti-hepatitis C virus compound from
Lonicera hypoglauca Miq. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 385(2),
230–235.
Wohllebe, S., Ulbrich, C., Grimm, D., Pietsch, J., Erzinger, G., Richter, R., et al. (2011). Photodynamic treatment of Chaoborus crystallinus larvae with chlorophyllin induces necrosis and
apoptosis. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 87, 1113–1122.
Wrolstad, R. E., & Culver, C. A. (2012). Alternatives to those artificial FD&C food colorants.
Annual review of food science and technology, 3, 59–77.
Yilmaz, C., & Gokmen, V. (2016). Chlorophyll. In B. Caballero, P. M. Finglas, & F. Toldra (Eds.),
Encyclopedia of food and health (pp. 37–41). Waltham: MA, Academic Press.
You, H., Yoon, H. E., Yoon, J. H., Ko, H., & Kim, Y. C. (2011). Synthesis of pheophorbide-a
conjugates with anticancer drugs as potential cancer diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Bioorganic
& Medicinal Chemistry, 19(18), 5383–5391.
Zapata, M., Garrido, J. L., & Jeffrey, S. W. (2006). Chlorophyll c pigments: Current status. In
B. Grimm, R. J. Porra, W. Rüdiger, & H. Scheer (Eds.), Chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls
(pp. 39–53). Dordrecht: Springer.
419
Spolaore, P., Joannis-Cassan, C., Duran, E., & Isambert, A. (2006). Commercial applications of
microalgae. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 101(2), 87–96.
Streit, N. M., Canterle, L. P., Canto, M. W. do, & Hecktheuer, L. H. H. (2005). As clorofilas. Ciência
Rural, 35(3), 748–755.
Srivatsan, A., Pera, P., Joshi, P., Wang, Y., Missert, J. R., Tracy, E. C., et al. (2015). Effect of
chirality on cellular uptake, imaging and photodynamic therapy of photosensitizers derived from
chlorophyll-a. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 23, 3603–3617.
Stauber, J. L., & Jeffrey, S. W. (1988). Photosynthetic pigments in fifty-one species of marine
diatoms. Journal of Phycology, 24, 158–172.
Strompfova, V., Kubašova, I., Farbakova, J., Gancarˇ cikova, S., Mudroˇ nova, D., Ma ˇ
dari, D., et al.
(2015). Experimental application of Lactobacillus fermentum CCM 7421 in combination with
chlorophyllin in dogs. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 99, 8681–8690.
Transparency Market Research. (2017). Copper Complexes of Chlorophyll and Chlorophyllins
Market—Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2017–2027.
Retrieved April 12, 2019, from https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com.
Tumolo, T., & Lanfer-Marquez, U. M. (2012). Copper chlorophyllin: A food colorant with bioactive
properties? Food Research International, 46(2), 451–459.
Ulbricht, C., Bramwell, R., Catapang, M., Giese, N., Isaac, R., Le, T.-D., et al. (2014). An evidencebased systematic review of chlorophyll by the natural standard research collaboration. Journal
of Dietary Supplements, 11(2), 198–239.
US FDA, Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) Listing of Color Additives Exempt
from Certification Title 21, Chapter I, Subchapter A, Part 73. (2019a). Retrieved January 21,
2019, from https://www.ecfr.gov/cgibin/retrieveECFR?gp=&SID=3463c48f55ae08efd0996829
01bb9500&r=PART&n=pt21.1.73.
US FDA, Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) Listing of Color Additives Exempt
from Certification Title 21, Chapter I, Subchapter A, Part 73. (2019b). Retrieved January 21,
2019, from https://www.ecfr.gov/cgibin/retrieveECFR?gp=&SID=3463c48f55ae08efd0996829
01bb9500&r=PART&n=pt21.1.73#se21.1.73_1530.
Viera, I., Chen, K., Ríos, J. J., Benito, I., Pérez-Gálvez, A., & Roca, M. (2018). First-Pass metabolism
of chlorophylls in mice. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 62(17), 1800562.
Vieira, I., Pérez-Gálvez, A., & Roca, M. (2019). Green natural colorants. Molecules, 24, 154.
Volp, A. C. P., Renhe, I. R. T., & Stringueta, P. C. (2009). Pigmentos naturais bioativos. Alimentos
e Nutrição, 20(1), 157–166.
Voort, M. P. J., Vulstake, E., & Visser, C. L. M. (2015). Macro-economics of algae products. Public
output report WP2A7.02 of the En Algae project, Swansea, June, p. 47.
Wang, S. Y., Tseng, C. P., Tsai, K. C., Lin, C. F., Wen, C. Y., Tsay, H. S., et al. (2009). Bioactivityguided screening identifies pheophytin a as a potent anti-hepatitis C virus compound from
Lonicera hypoglauca Miq. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 385(2),
230–235.
Wohllebe, S., Ulbrich, C., Grimm, D., Pietsch, J., Erzinger, G., Richter, R., et al. (2011). Photodynamic treatment of Chaoborus crystallinus larvae with chlorophyllin induces necrosis and
apoptosis. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 87, 1113–1122.
Wrolstad, R. E., & Culver, C. A. (2012). Alternatives to those artificial FD&C food colorants.
Annual review of food science and technology, 3, 59–77.
Yilmaz, C., & Gokmen, V. (2016). Chlorophyll. In B. Caballero, P. M. Finglas, & F. Toldra (Eds.),
Encyclopedia of food and health (pp. 37–41). Waltham: MA, Academic Press.
You, H., Yoon, H. E., Yoon, J. H., Ko, H., & Kim, Y. C. (2011). Synthesis of pheophorbide-a
conjugates with anticancer drugs as potential cancer diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Bioorganic
& Medicinal Chemistry, 19(18), 5383–5391.
Zapata, M., Garrido, J. L., & Jeffrey, S. W. (2006). Chlorophyll c pigments: Current status. In
B. Grimm, R. J. Porra, W. Rüdiger, & H. Scheer (Eds.), Chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls
(pp. 39–53). Dordrecht: Springer.