406
A. S. Fernandes et al.
its application as a dye and not using the exploratory field of its biological activities
(Humphrey 2004; Streit et al. 2005; Volp et al. 2009; Rocha and Reed 2014).
16.5 Production and World Market
The global economy is constantly changing, seeking more and more the exploitation
of natural products and biorefinery products, becoming a biologically based economy,
where the microalgae biomass enters with a high value and can be applied in several
areas, mainly in the food industry (Barsanti & Gualtieri 2018).
Consumers’ interest and the pursuit of healthy foods, including food products,
functional ingredients, or dietary supplements that in some way benefit health,
preventing, treating, or healing certain diseases have been increasing (Coopers 2009).
Thus, the use of microalgae biomass and the exploration of derived metabolites
such as chlorophylls becomes an innovative approach applied to the development of
functional foods (Gouveia et al. 2008).
One of the main problems affecting the use of these pigments as food additives
is the lack of globally reconciled legislation, normally the food additive regulations
include the list of authorized standards, their specifications, as well as the conditions
of use, but they are different rules for each country, making global production difficult
(Viera et al. 2019). The main raw materials for obtaining chlorophyll are leafy foods
and other green leaves and plants that produce large quantities and generally value
as food or feed (Attokaran 2017).
According to Transparency Market Research (2017), the global market for chlorophylls is divided into the regions of North America, Latin America, Asia-Pacific,
Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Japan, and the Middle East and Africa (MEA).
Especially in China, is expected to expand, already in Latin America, it is robust due
to the high demand for natural dyes. Global adoption of chlorophyll and chlorophyllin
is lower in the MEA than in any other region of the world due to the low availability of
raw materials in the region. In Fig. 16.6, we can observe some companies responsible
for the production and commercialization of chlorophyll in the world.
Production of microalgae-based intracellular products on an industrial scale enters
as a commercial opportunity that aims to cede market share in the part of bioactive
molecules. Thus, in a short period of time, the microalgae biotechnology industry
has grown significantly. Currently, the microalgae biomass market produces about
9000 t of dry matter/year and their global market value was US$ 2.8 billion in 2011.
His market is regarded to be worth US$ 3.32 billion by 2022, with a compounded
average growth rate (CAGR) growth of 6.7% (Spolaore et al. 2006; Enzing et al.
2014; García et al. 2017).
Estimates of the world production values of food colouring vary greatly with the
increasing demand of this market. The global food colouring market was estimated at
US$ 3.71 billion in 2017, growing at a CAGR of 5.7%, to reach US$ 5.12 billion by
2023. Estimates put the production of chlorophylls in Europe more specifically in the
United Kingdom the value of approximately US$ 5.5 million per year, suggesting
A. S. Fernandes et al.
its application as a dye and not using the exploratory field of its biological activities
(Humphrey 2004; Streit et al. 2005; Volp et al. 2009; Rocha and Reed 2014).
16.5 Production and World Market
The global economy is constantly changing, seeking more and more the exploitation
of natural products and biorefinery products, becoming a biologically based economy,
where the microalgae biomass enters with a high value and can be applied in several
areas, mainly in the food industry (Barsanti & Gualtieri 2018).
Consumers’ interest and the pursuit of healthy foods, including food products,
functional ingredients, or dietary supplements that in some way benefit health,
preventing, treating, or healing certain diseases have been increasing (Coopers 2009).
Thus, the use of microalgae biomass and the exploration of derived metabolites
such as chlorophylls becomes an innovative approach applied to the development of
functional foods (Gouveia et al. 2008).
One of the main problems affecting the use of these pigments as food additives
is the lack of globally reconciled legislation, normally the food additive regulations
include the list of authorized standards, their specifications, as well as the conditions
of use, but they are different rules for each country, making global production difficult
(Viera et al. 2019). The main raw materials for obtaining chlorophyll are leafy foods
and other green leaves and plants that produce large quantities and generally value
as food or feed (Attokaran 2017).
According to Transparency Market Research (2017), the global market for chlorophylls is divided into the regions of North America, Latin America, Asia-Pacific,
Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Japan, and the Middle East and Africa (MEA).
Especially in China, is expected to expand, already in Latin America, it is robust due
to the high demand for natural dyes. Global adoption of chlorophyll and chlorophyllin
is lower in the MEA than in any other region of the world due to the low availability of
raw materials in the region. In Fig. 16.6, we can observe some companies responsible
for the production and commercialization of chlorophyll in the world.
Production of microalgae-based intracellular products on an industrial scale enters
as a commercial opportunity that aims to cede market share in the part of bioactive
molecules. Thus, in a short period of time, the microalgae biotechnology industry
has grown significantly. Currently, the microalgae biomass market produces about
9000 t of dry matter/year and their global market value was US$ 2.8 billion in 2011.
His market is regarded to be worth US$ 3.32 billion by 2022, with a compounded
average growth rate (CAGR) growth of 6.7% (Spolaore et al. 2006; Enzing et al.
2014; García et al. 2017).
Estimates of the world production values of food colouring vary greatly with the
increasing demand of this market. The global food colouring market was estimated at
US$ 3.71 billion in 2017, growing at a CAGR of 5.7%, to reach US$ 5.12 billion by
2023. Estimates put the production of chlorophylls in Europe more specifically in the
United Kingdom the value of approximately US$ 5.5 million per year, suggesting