14 The Bioeconomy of Production of Microalgal Pigments
347
14.4.2.3 Xanthophyll
Xanthophyll is a form of oxygenated carotenoids found in a plethora of photosynthetic organisms, there has been major advancements in molecular biology for the
last few years, which has paved way for efficient isolation and production and bioutilization of xanthophylls. Recently, molecular biology developments have paved
way for an effective genetic microalgae manipulation to increase xanthophyll yield
and helps in their commercial production (Jin et al. 2003). A commercially significant fucoxanthin- xanthophyll type is obtained from Fucus sp. and Phaeodactylum
tricornutum, it is a protein bound component associated with chlorophyll. Antioxidant assay of Chaetoceros calcitrans and Isochrysia galbana showed an amazingly
high number of antioxidants, primarily bound to the pigment (Foo et al. 2017).
14.4.3 Economic Boosters of Bioeconomy
The pigments derived from microalgae and microalgae themselves have unique vital
characteristics that can be translated into advanced technical and commercial products. This contributes to the production of a variety of beneficial lipids, carbohydrates,
bioactive compounds, etc. At a very cost-reducing way, they can incorporate the stable
isotopes of 13C, 15 N, and 2H into their biomass and produce various other components they produce. They comprise huge unexplored taxa of organisms, providing a
virtually unexplored source of products with potential implicational significance.
Industrial and scientific advancement in effectual microalgal product fabrication plays a vital role in influencing the monetary feasibility of microalgal products
(Roux et al. 2017). However, limited articles focused on the large-scale microalgal
utilization to obtain valuable compounds, especially pigments. It is inevitable to
understand a few aspects of microalgae before starting a commercial spin-off using
microalgae. Factors include the analysis of microalgae-based product production,
market expectancy, demand, and production scale. The analysis must include a pilot
study on the technological advances in the downstream processing of microalgal
products, search on patented and protected inventions in the specific field, and a global
screening on the present situation of a global market that depends on microalgal
biomass with future outlooks.
During the last decade, the research focusing on microalgal pigments has made the
noteworthy advancements. Novel methodology for purification permits large-scale
harvesting of pigments with high purity. Microalgal PBP pigment generates extra
demand in the pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical markets. It is essential to develop
novel approaches for heterotrophic and mixotrophic production to meet the growing
demand of such algal pigments. More widespread research in microalgal application
is still needed to explicate the complete action of microalgal pigments using various
model organisms. Studies focusing on the productivity involving various species
347
14.4.2.3 Xanthophyll
Xanthophyll is a form of oxygenated carotenoids found in a plethora of photosynthetic organisms, there has been major advancements in molecular biology for the
last few years, which has paved way for efficient isolation and production and bioutilization of xanthophylls. Recently, molecular biology developments have paved
way for an effective genetic microalgae manipulation to increase xanthophyll yield
and helps in their commercial production (Jin et al. 2003). A commercially significant fucoxanthin- xanthophyll type is obtained from Fucus sp. and Phaeodactylum
tricornutum, it is a protein bound component associated with chlorophyll. Antioxidant assay of Chaetoceros calcitrans and Isochrysia galbana showed an amazingly
high number of antioxidants, primarily bound to the pigment (Foo et al. 2017).
14.4.3 Economic Boosters of Bioeconomy
The pigments derived from microalgae and microalgae themselves have unique vital
characteristics that can be translated into advanced technical and commercial products. This contributes to the production of a variety of beneficial lipids, carbohydrates,
bioactive compounds, etc. At a very cost-reducing way, they can incorporate the stable
isotopes of 13C, 15 N, and 2H into their biomass and produce various other components they produce. They comprise huge unexplored taxa of organisms, providing a
virtually unexplored source of products with potential implicational significance.
Industrial and scientific advancement in effectual microalgal product fabrication plays a vital role in influencing the monetary feasibility of microalgal products
(Roux et al. 2017). However, limited articles focused on the large-scale microalgal
utilization to obtain valuable compounds, especially pigments. It is inevitable to
understand a few aspects of microalgae before starting a commercial spin-off using
microalgae. Factors include the analysis of microalgae-based product production,
market expectancy, demand, and production scale. The analysis must include a pilot
study on the technological advances in the downstream processing of microalgal
products, search on patented and protected inventions in the specific field, and a global
screening on the present situation of a global market that depends on microalgal
biomass with future outlooks.
During the last decade, the research focusing on microalgal pigments has made the
noteworthy advancements. Novel methodology for purification permits large-scale
harvesting of pigments with high purity. Microalgal PBP pigment generates extra
demand in the pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical markets. It is essential to develop
novel approaches for heterotrophic and mixotrophic production to meet the growing
demand of such algal pigments. More widespread research in microalgal application
is still needed to explicate the complete action of microalgal pigments using various
model organisms. Studies focusing on the productivity involving various species