330
J. Jeevanandam et al.
as Chlorella, Arthrospira, and Aphanizomenon has gained importance in the food
and pharmaceutical sectors. Chlorella growth factor is a significant product from
Chlorella that is proved to possess anticancer and antiaging properties (Panahi et al.
2016). In addition, C. pyrenoidosa with lysine and threonine are reported to be
beneficial in curing famine edema (da Silva Ferreira and Sant’Anna 2017). Likewise, Chlorella extracts are reported to reduce cholesterol, hypertension (Fallah
et al. 2018), anemia in pregnant women (Bito et al. 2016), improves ulcerative
colitis (Freitas 2017) and enhance the immune system (Chidley and Davison 2018).
The extracts from Chlorella, especially from C. vulgaris, possess ability to prevent
harmful, disease causing bacterial growth and are used as antibiotics (Acurio et al.
2018).
The elevated protein, vitamin B12, provitamin A, linolenic acid, iron, and other
minerals present in Arthrospira increases their potential to be beneficial as excellent microalgal nutraceutical agent (Stunda-Zujeva and Rug ‘ ele). Studies reported
that the extracts obtained from Arthrospira species possess ability to reduce hypercholesterolemia (Sengupta et al. 2018), allergic rhinitis, including nasal congestion,
sneezing and itching (Appel et al. 2018), along with anticancer (Srivastava et al.
2015), antioxidant, antidiabetic (Parveen 2016), and anti-inflammatory properties
(Jensen et al. 2015). The high dietary value of these microalgae reduces nutritional deficiency, thereby elevates immunity by producing a large number of T-cells,
cytokines, secretes IgA antibody, and by increasing the activity of natural killer
cells (Seyidoglu et al. 2017). Moreover, Arthrospira possess enhanced antibacterial
(Markou et al. 2016), antifungal (Keimes and Gunther 2016) and antiviral activities
against disease causing microbes (Reichert et al. 2017). It has been reported that the
calcium spirulan extracted from Arthrospira platensis facilitates the Herpes simplex
virus (HSV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-2) inhibition (Jena and
Subudhi 2019). These calcium spirulan polysaccharides obtained from microalgae,
also possess anticancer activity and are useful in the oral cancer theranostics (de
la Jara et al. 2018). Further, it is noteworthy that the filamentous cyanobacterium
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae are also used in the nutraceutical products due to their
worthy nutrition and in pharmaceutical products due to their medicinal properties (Borowitzka 2018). The extracts of Aphanizomenon are reported to possess
anticancer, antimicrobial (Srivastava 2015), antidiabetic, antioxidant (Hyun et al.
2016), and helps in the treatment of neurodegenerative (Nuzzo et al. 2018), cardiac
and vascular ailments (Eid et al. 2018). These medicinal and nutritional values of
these microalgae are produced as products by several companies which serves as a
profitable bioeconomy, throughout the world.
14.2.5 Cosmetics
Apart from food and medical applications, microalgae are used to produce
natural cosmetic products as it contains minerals, fatty acids, pigments, vitamins,
protein,s and minerals for the structural and functional maintenance of skin. The
J. Jeevanandam et al.
as Chlorella, Arthrospira, and Aphanizomenon has gained importance in the food
and pharmaceutical sectors. Chlorella growth factor is a significant product from
Chlorella that is proved to possess anticancer and antiaging properties (Panahi et al.
2016). In addition, C. pyrenoidosa with lysine and threonine are reported to be
beneficial in curing famine edema (da Silva Ferreira and Sant’Anna 2017). Likewise, Chlorella extracts are reported to reduce cholesterol, hypertension (Fallah
et al. 2018), anemia in pregnant women (Bito et al. 2016), improves ulcerative
colitis (Freitas 2017) and enhance the immune system (Chidley and Davison 2018).
The extracts from Chlorella, especially from C. vulgaris, possess ability to prevent
harmful, disease causing bacterial growth and are used as antibiotics (Acurio et al.
2018).
The elevated protein, vitamin B12, provitamin A, linolenic acid, iron, and other
minerals present in Arthrospira increases their potential to be beneficial as excellent microalgal nutraceutical agent (Stunda-Zujeva and Rug ‘ ele). Studies reported
that the extracts obtained from Arthrospira species possess ability to reduce hypercholesterolemia (Sengupta et al. 2018), allergic rhinitis, including nasal congestion,
sneezing and itching (Appel et al. 2018), along with anticancer (Srivastava et al.
2015), antioxidant, antidiabetic (Parveen 2016), and anti-inflammatory properties
(Jensen et al. 2015). The high dietary value of these microalgae reduces nutritional deficiency, thereby elevates immunity by producing a large number of T-cells,
cytokines, secretes IgA antibody, and by increasing the activity of natural killer
cells (Seyidoglu et al. 2017). Moreover, Arthrospira possess enhanced antibacterial
(Markou et al. 2016), antifungal (Keimes and Gunther 2016) and antiviral activities
against disease causing microbes (Reichert et al. 2017). It has been reported that the
calcium spirulan extracted from Arthrospira platensis facilitates the Herpes simplex
virus (HSV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-2) inhibition (Jena and
Subudhi 2019). These calcium spirulan polysaccharides obtained from microalgae,
also possess anticancer activity and are useful in the oral cancer theranostics (de
la Jara et al. 2018). Further, it is noteworthy that the filamentous cyanobacterium
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae are also used in the nutraceutical products due to their
worthy nutrition and in pharmaceutical products due to their medicinal properties (Borowitzka 2018). The extracts of Aphanizomenon are reported to possess
anticancer, antimicrobial (Srivastava 2015), antidiabetic, antioxidant (Hyun et al.
2016), and helps in the treatment of neurodegenerative (Nuzzo et al. 2018), cardiac
and vascular ailments (Eid et al. 2018). These medicinal and nutritional values of
these microalgae are produced as products by several companies which serves as a
profitable bioeconomy, throughout the world.
14.2.5 Cosmetics
Apart from food and medical applications, microalgae are used to produce
natural cosmetic products as it contains minerals, fatty acids, pigments, vitamins,
protein,s and minerals for the structural and functional maintenance of skin. The