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R. Halim
Table 12.3
Summary (2nd) of previous studies investigating astaxanthin extraction from microalgal biomass
Study
Species
Biomass state
Pretreatment and cell
rupture
Extraction solvents and
conditions
Maximum
yield/recovery at
optimum conditions
Key findings
Jaime et al. (2010) H. pluvialis
Green phase and red
cyst, freeze-dried
Freezed-dried biomass
was
mashed with
liquid nitrogen in a
mortar
Accelerated
(pressurised) solvent
extraction with hexane
or ethanol
37.1 g extract/100 g
biomass for green cells
with ethanol at
10.34 MPa, 200 °C,
20 min. 29.1 g
extract/100 g biomass
for red cells with
ethanol at 10.34 Mpa,
200 °C, 20 min
Ethanol was a more
effective extraction
solvent than hexane
Mono- and diesters of
astaxanthin displayed
a lower antioxidant
activity than free
astaxanthin.
Enzymatic hydrolysis
of these esters resulted
in the formation of
free astaxathin and
significantly increased
antioxidant activity of
the extract
(continued)