References
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2011.02.013
2. Vander Heiden MG, Cantley LC, Thompson
CB (2009) Understanding the Warburg effect:
the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation. Science (New York, NY) 324
(5930):1029–1033.
https://doi.org/10.
1126/science.1160809
3. Menendez JA, Joven J, Cufı ´ S, CorominasFaja B, Oliveras-Ferraros C, Cuya `s E, MartinCastillo B, Lo ´ pez-Bonet E, Alarco ´n T,
Vazquez-Martin A (2013) The Warburg effect
version 2.0: metabolic reprogramming of cancer stem cells. Cell Cycle 12(8):1166–1179.
https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.24479
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metabolism: Warburg and beyond. Cell 134
(5):703–707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.
2008.08.021
5. Maiuri Maria C, Kroemer G (2015) Essential
role for oxidative phosphorylation in cancer
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2014.12.
013
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(2015) Tumor cells switch to mitochondrial
oxidative phosphorylation under radiation via
mTOR-mediated hexokinase II inhibition—a
Warburg-reversing effect. PLoS One 10(3):
e0121046. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.
pone.0121046
7. Park JH, Vithayathil S, Kumar S, Sung PL,
Dobrolecki LE, Putluri V, Bhat VB, Bhowmik
SK, Gupta V, Arora K, Wu D, Tsouko E,
Zhang Y, Maity S, Donti TR, Graham BH,
Frigo DE, Coarfa C, Yotnda P, Putluri N,
Sreekumar A, Lewis MT, Creighton CJ,
Wong LC, Kaipparettu BA (2016) Fatty acid
oxidation-driven Src links mitochondrial
energy reprogramming and oncogenic properties in triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Rep 14
(9):2154–2165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
celrep.2016.02.004
8. Porporato Paolo E, Payen Vale ´ry L, Pe ´rezEscuredo J, De Saedeleer Christophe J,
Danhier P, Copetti T, Dhup S, Tardy M,
Vazeille T, Bouzin C, Feron O, Michiels C,
Gallez B, Sonveaux P (2014) A mitochondrial
switch promotes tumor metastasis. Cell Rep 8
(3):754–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cel
rep.2014.06.043
9. LeBleu VS, O’Connell JT, Gonzalez Herrera
KN, Wikman H, Pantel K, Haigis MC, de
Carvalho FM, Damascena A, Domingos Chinen LT, Rocha RM, Asara JM, Kalluri R
(2014) PGC-1alpha mediates mitochondrial
biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in
cancer cells to promote metastasis. Nat Cell
Biol 16(10):992–1003, 1001-1015. https://
doi.org/10.1038/ncb3039
10. Nieto MA, Huang Ruby Y-J, Jackson
Rebecca A, Thiery Jean P (2016) EMT: 2016.
Cell
166(1):21–45.
https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.cell.2016.06.028
11. van Denderen BJ, Thompson EW (2013) Cancer: the to and fro of tumour spread. Nature
493(7433):487–488.
https://doi.org/10.
1038/493487a
12. Hugo H, Ackland ML, Blick T, Lawrence MG,
Clements JA, Williams ED, Thompson EW
(2007) Epithelial–mesenchymal and mesenchymal–epithelial transitions in carcinoma progression. J Cell Physiol 213(2):374–383.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.21223
13. Bhatia S, Monkman J, Toh AKL, Nagaraj SH,
Thompson EW (2017) Targeting epithelialmesenchymal plasticity in cancer: clinical and
preclinical advances in therapy and monitoring.
Biochem J 474(19):3269–3306. https://doi.
org/10.1042/bcj20160782
14. Lee SY, Ju MK, Jeon HM, Lee YJ, Kim CH,
Park HG, Han SI, Kang HS (2018) Oncogenic
metabolism acts as a prerequisite step for
induction of cancer metastasis and cancer
stem cell phenotype. Oxidative Med Cell
Longev 2018:1027453–1027453. https://
doi.org/10.1155/2018/1027453
15. Li M, Bu X, Cai B, Liang P, Li K, Qu X, Shen L
(2019) Biological role of metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells during epithelial mesenchymal transition (review). Oncol Rep 41
(2):727–741. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.
2018.6882
16. Sciacovelli M, Frezza C (2017) Metabolic
reprogramming and epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition
in
cancer.
FEBS J
284
(19):3132–3144. https://doi.org/10.1111/
febs.14090
17. Yizhak K, Le Devedec SE, Rogkoti VM,
Baenke F, de Boer VC, Frezza C, Schulze A,
van de Water B, Ruppin E (2014) A computational study of the Warburg effect identifies
metabolic targets inhibiting cancer migration.
Mol Syst Biol 10:744. https://doi.org/10.
15252/msb.20134993
18. Gaude E, Frezza C (2016) Tissue-specific and
convergent metabolic transformation of cancer
correlates with metastatic potential and patient
Studying EMP Bioenergetic Switch Using Seahorse Analyzer
339
1. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA (2011) Hallmarks
of cancer: the next generation. Cell 144
(5):646–674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.
2011.02.013
2. Vander Heiden MG, Cantley LC, Thompson
CB (2009) Understanding the Warburg effect:
the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation. Science (New York, NY) 324
(5930):1029–1033.
https://doi.org/10.
1126/science.1160809
3. Menendez JA, Joven J, Cufı ´ S, CorominasFaja B, Oliveras-Ferraros C, Cuya `s E, MartinCastillo B, Lo ´ pez-Bonet E, Alarco ´n T,
Vazquez-Martin A (2013) The Warburg effect
version 2.0: metabolic reprogramming of cancer stem cells. Cell Cycle 12(8):1166–1179.
https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.24479
4. Hsu PP, Sabatini DM (2008) Cancer cell
metabolism: Warburg and beyond. Cell 134
(5):703–707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.
2008.08.021
5. Maiuri Maria C, Kroemer G (2015) Essential
role for oxidative phosphorylation in cancer
progression. Cell Metabol 21(1):11–12.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2014.12.
013
6. Lu CL, Qin L, Liu HC, Candas D, Fan M, Li JJ
(2015) Tumor cells switch to mitochondrial
oxidative phosphorylation under radiation via
mTOR-mediated hexokinase II inhibition—a
Warburg-reversing effect. PLoS One 10(3):
e0121046. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.
pone.0121046
7. Park JH, Vithayathil S, Kumar S, Sung PL,
Dobrolecki LE, Putluri V, Bhat VB, Bhowmik
SK, Gupta V, Arora K, Wu D, Tsouko E,
Zhang Y, Maity S, Donti TR, Graham BH,
Frigo DE, Coarfa C, Yotnda P, Putluri N,
Sreekumar A, Lewis MT, Creighton CJ,
Wong LC, Kaipparettu BA (2016) Fatty acid
oxidation-driven Src links mitochondrial
energy reprogramming and oncogenic properties in triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Rep 14
(9):2154–2165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
celrep.2016.02.004
8. Porporato Paolo E, Payen Vale ´ry L, Pe ´rezEscuredo J, De Saedeleer Christophe J,
Danhier P, Copetti T, Dhup S, Tardy M,
Vazeille T, Bouzin C, Feron O, Michiels C,
Gallez B, Sonveaux P (2014) A mitochondrial
switch promotes tumor metastasis. Cell Rep 8
(3):754–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cel
rep.2014.06.043
9. LeBleu VS, O’Connell JT, Gonzalez Herrera
KN, Wikman H, Pantel K, Haigis MC, de
Carvalho FM, Damascena A, Domingos Chinen LT, Rocha RM, Asara JM, Kalluri R
(2014) PGC-1alpha mediates mitochondrial
biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in
cancer cells to promote metastasis. Nat Cell
Biol 16(10):992–1003, 1001-1015. https://
doi.org/10.1038/ncb3039
10. Nieto MA, Huang Ruby Y-J, Jackson
Rebecca A, Thiery Jean P (2016) EMT: 2016.
Cell
166(1):21–45.
https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.cell.2016.06.028
11. van Denderen BJ, Thompson EW (2013) Cancer: the to and fro of tumour spread. Nature
493(7433):487–488.
https://doi.org/10.
1038/493487a
12. Hugo H, Ackland ML, Blick T, Lawrence MG,
Clements JA, Williams ED, Thompson EW
(2007) Epithelial–mesenchymal and mesenchymal–epithelial transitions in carcinoma progression. J Cell Physiol 213(2):374–383.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.21223
13. Bhatia S, Monkman J, Toh AKL, Nagaraj SH,
Thompson EW (2017) Targeting epithelialmesenchymal plasticity in cancer: clinical and
preclinical advances in therapy and monitoring.
Biochem J 474(19):3269–3306. https://doi.
org/10.1042/bcj20160782
14. Lee SY, Ju MK, Jeon HM, Lee YJ, Kim CH,
Park HG, Han SI, Kang HS (2018) Oncogenic
metabolism acts as a prerequisite step for
induction of cancer metastasis and cancer
stem cell phenotype. Oxidative Med Cell
Longev 2018:1027453–1027453. https://
doi.org/10.1155/2018/1027453
15. Li M, Bu X, Cai B, Liang P, Li K, Qu X, Shen L
(2019) Biological role of metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells during epithelial mesenchymal transition (review). Oncol Rep 41
(2):727–741. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.
2018.6882
16. Sciacovelli M, Frezza C (2017) Metabolic
reprogramming and epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition
in
cancer.
FEBS J
284
(19):3132–3144. https://doi.org/10.1111/
febs.14090
17. Yizhak K, Le Devedec SE, Rogkoti VM,
Baenke F, de Boer VC, Frezza C, Schulze A,
van de Water B, Ruppin E (2014) A computational study of the Warburg effect identifies
metabolic targets inhibiting cancer migration.
Mol Syst Biol 10:744. https://doi.org/10.
15252/msb.20134993
18. Gaude E, Frezza C (2016) Tissue-specific and
convergent metabolic transformation of cancer
correlates with metastatic potential and patient
Studying EMP Bioenergetic Switch Using Seahorse Analyzer
339