acknowledges the Ecole Doctorale FIRE-Programme Bettencourt.
We acknowledge the ImagoSeine facility, member of the France
BioImaging infrastructure (ANR-10-INSB-04).
References
1. Gayrard C, Borghi N (2016) FRET-based
molecular tension microscopy. Methods
94:33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.
2015.07.010
2. Grashoff C, Hoffman BD, Brenner MD et al
(2010) Measuring mechanical tension across
vinculin reveals regulation of focal adhesion
dynamics. Nature 466:263–266. https://doi.
org/10.1038/nature09198
3. Meng F, Suchyna TM, Sachs F (2008) A fluorescence energy transfer-based mechanical
stress sensor for specific proteins in situ. FEBS
J 275:3072–3087. https://doi.org/10.1111/
j.1742-4658.2008.06461.x
4. Ringer P, Weißl A, Cost A-L et al (2017) Multiplexing molecular tension sensors reveals piconewton force gradient across talin-1. Nat
Methods 14:1090–1096. https://doi.org/10.
1038/nmeth.4431
5. Brenner MD, Zhou R, Conway DE et al
(2016) Spider silk peptide is a compact, linear
nanospring ideal for intracellular tension sensing. Nano Lett 16:2096–2102
6. Paszek MJ, DuFort CC, Rossier O et al (2014)
The cancer glycocalyx mechanically primes
integrin-mediated growth and survival. Nature
511:319–325.
https://doi.org/10.1038/
nature13535
7. Zhang X, Li G, Guo Y et al (2019) Regulation
of ezrin tension by S-nitrosylation mediates
non-small cell lung cancer invasion and metastasis. Theranostics 9:2555–2571. https://doi.
org/10.7150/thno.32479
8. Hart RG, Kota D, Li F et al (2019) Myosin II
tension sensors visualize force generation
within the actin cytoskeleton in living cells.
bioRxiv 623249. https://doi.org/10.1101/
623249
9. Suzuki A, Badger BL, Haase J et al (2016)
How the kinetochore couples microtubule
force and centromere stretch to move chromosomes. Nat Cell Biol 18:382–392. https://doi.
org/10.1038/ncb3323
10. Yamashita S, Tsuboi T, Ishinabe N et al (2016)
Wide
and
high
resolution
tension
measurement using FRET in embryo. Sci Rep
6:28535.
https://doi.org/10.1038/
srep28535
11. Lagendijk AK, Gomez GA, Baek S et al (2017)
Live imaging molecular changes in junctional
tension upon VE-cadherin in zebrafish. Nat
Commun 8:1402. https://doi.org/10.1038/
s41467-017-01325-6
12. Lemke SB, Weidemann T, Cost A-L et al
(2019) A small proportion of Talin molecules
transmit forces at developing muscle attachments in vivo. PLoS Biol 17:e3000057.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.
3000057
13. Yoshida C, Takeichi M (1982) Teratocarcinoma cell adhesion: identification of a cellsurface protein involved in calcium-dependent
cell aggregation. Cell 28:217–224
14. Borghi N, Sorokina M, Shcherbakova OG et al
(2012) E-cadherin is under constitutive
actomyosin-generated tension that is increased
at cell-cell contacts upon externally applied
stretch. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109
(31):12568–12573.
https://doi.org/10.
1073/pnas.1204390109
15. Gayrard C, Bernaudin C, De ´jardin T et al
(2018) Src- and confinement-dependent FAK
activation causes E-cadherin relaxation and
β-catenin activity. J Cell Biol 217:1063–1077.
https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201706013
16. Schneider CA, Rasband WS, Eliceiri KW
(2012) NIH image to ImageJ: 25 years of
image analysis. Nat Methods 9:671–675.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089
17. Day RN, Booker CF, Periasamy A (2008)
Characterization of an improved donor fluorescent protein for Fo ¨rster resonance energy
transfer microscopy. J Biomed Opt 13:031203
18. Lee NK, Kapanidis AN, Wang Y et al (2005)
Accurate FRET measurements within single
diffusing biomolecules using alternating-laser
excitation. Biophys J 88:2939–2953. https://
doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.104.054114
Molecular Tension Microscopy of E-Cadherin During EMT
299
We acknowledge the ImagoSeine facility, member of the France
BioImaging infrastructure (ANR-10-INSB-04).
References
1. Gayrard C, Borghi N (2016) FRET-based
molecular tension microscopy. Methods
94:33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.
2015.07.010
2. Grashoff C, Hoffman BD, Brenner MD et al
(2010) Measuring mechanical tension across
vinculin reveals regulation of focal adhesion
dynamics. Nature 466:263–266. https://doi.
org/10.1038/nature09198
3. Meng F, Suchyna TM, Sachs F (2008) A fluorescence energy transfer-based mechanical
stress sensor for specific proteins in situ. FEBS
J 275:3072–3087. https://doi.org/10.1111/
j.1742-4658.2008.06461.x
4. Ringer P, Weißl A, Cost A-L et al (2017) Multiplexing molecular tension sensors reveals piconewton force gradient across talin-1. Nat
Methods 14:1090–1096. https://doi.org/10.
1038/nmeth.4431
5. Brenner MD, Zhou R, Conway DE et al
(2016) Spider silk peptide is a compact, linear
nanospring ideal for intracellular tension sensing. Nano Lett 16:2096–2102
6. Paszek MJ, DuFort CC, Rossier O et al (2014)
The cancer glycocalyx mechanically primes
integrin-mediated growth and survival. Nature
511:319–325.
https://doi.org/10.1038/
nature13535
7. Zhang X, Li G, Guo Y et al (2019) Regulation
of ezrin tension by S-nitrosylation mediates
non-small cell lung cancer invasion and metastasis. Theranostics 9:2555–2571. https://doi.
org/10.7150/thno.32479
8. Hart RG, Kota D, Li F et al (2019) Myosin II
tension sensors visualize force generation
within the actin cytoskeleton in living cells.
bioRxiv 623249. https://doi.org/10.1101/
623249
9. Suzuki A, Badger BL, Haase J et al (2016)
How the kinetochore couples microtubule
force and centromere stretch to move chromosomes. Nat Cell Biol 18:382–392. https://doi.
org/10.1038/ncb3323
10. Yamashita S, Tsuboi T, Ishinabe N et al (2016)
Wide
and
high
resolution
tension
measurement using FRET in embryo. Sci Rep
6:28535.
https://doi.org/10.1038/
srep28535
11. Lagendijk AK, Gomez GA, Baek S et al (2017)
Live imaging molecular changes in junctional
tension upon VE-cadherin in zebrafish. Nat
Commun 8:1402. https://doi.org/10.1038/
s41467-017-01325-6
12. Lemke SB, Weidemann T, Cost A-L et al
(2019) A small proportion of Talin molecules
transmit forces at developing muscle attachments in vivo. PLoS Biol 17:e3000057.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.
3000057
13. Yoshida C, Takeichi M (1982) Teratocarcinoma cell adhesion: identification of a cellsurface protein involved in calcium-dependent
cell aggregation. Cell 28:217–224
14. Borghi N, Sorokina M, Shcherbakova OG et al
(2012) E-cadherin is under constitutive
actomyosin-generated tension that is increased
at cell-cell contacts upon externally applied
stretch. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109
(31):12568–12573.
https://doi.org/10.
1073/pnas.1204390109
15. Gayrard C, Bernaudin C, De ´jardin T et al
(2018) Src- and confinement-dependent FAK
activation causes E-cadherin relaxation and
β-catenin activity. J Cell Biol 217:1063–1077.
https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201706013
16. Schneider CA, Rasband WS, Eliceiri KW
(2012) NIH image to ImageJ: 25 years of
image analysis. Nat Methods 9:671–675.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089
17. Day RN, Booker CF, Periasamy A (2008)
Characterization of an improved donor fluorescent protein for Fo ¨rster resonance energy
transfer microscopy. J Biomed Opt 13:031203
18. Lee NK, Kapanidis AN, Wang Y et al (2005)
Accurate FRET measurements within single
diffusing biomolecules using alternating-laser
excitation. Biophys J 88:2939–2953. https://
doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.104.054114
Molecular Tension Microscopy of E-Cadherin During EMT
299