8. These methods are strongly preferred over conventional
explant mounting techniques that involve compression under
a glass coverslip bridge since conventional approaches can
disrupt MET.
Acknowledgements
We thank members of both the Davidson and Kim groups for their
comments and support. This work was supported by grants to LAD
from the National Science Foundation (CBET-1547790) and the
National Institutes of Health (R01HD044750; R56HL13495).
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations
expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or
the National Institutes of Health. Additionally HYK was supported
by a Young Scientist Fellowship from Institute for Basic Science
(IBS-R025-Y1).
References
1. Pei D, Shu X, Gassama-Diagne A, Thiery JP
(2019) Mesenchymal–epithelial transition in
development and reprogramming. Nat Cell
Biol 21(1):44
2. Pe ´rez-Pomares JM, Mun ˜oz-Cha ´puli R (2002)
Epithelial–mesenchymal transitions: a mesodermal cell strategy for evolutive innovation in
metazoans. Anat Rec 268(3):343–351
3. Sosa MS, Bragado P, Aguirre-Ghiso JA (2014)
Mechanisms of disseminated cancer cell dormancy: an awakening field. Nat Rev Cancer
14(9):611–622. https://doi.org/10.1038/
nrc3793
4. Stark K, Vainio S, Vassileva G, McMahon AP
(1994) Epithelial transformation of metanephric mesenchyme in the developing kidney regulated by Wnt-4. Nature 372(6507):679–683
5. Trinh LA, Stainier DY (2004) Fibronectin regulates epithelial organization during myocardial migration in zebrafish. Dev Cell 6
(3):371–382
6. Li R, Liang J, Ni S, Zhou T, Qing X, Li H,
He W, Chen J, Li F, Zhuang Q, Qin B, Xu J,
Li W, Yang J, Gan Y, Qin D, Feng S, Song H,
Yang D, Zhang B, Zeng L, Lai L, Esteban MA,
Pei D (2010) A mesenchymal-to-epithelial
transition initiates and is required for the
nuclear reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts.
Cell Stem Cell 7(1):51–63. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.stem.2010.04.014
7. Samavarchi-Tehrani P, Golipour A, David L,
Sung HK, Beyer TA, Datti A, Woltjen K,
Nagy A, Wrana JL (2010) Functional genomics
reveals a BMP-driven mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in the initiation of somatic cell
reprogramming. Cell Stem Cell 7(1):64–77.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2010.04.
015
8. Dressler GR (2002) Tubulogenesis in the
developing mammalian kidney. Trends Cell
Biol 12(8):390–395
9. Trinh LA, Yelon D, Stainier DY (2005) Hand2
regulates epithelial formation during myocardial differentiation. Curr Biol 15(5):441–446
10. Jackson TR, Kim HY, Balakrishnan UL,
Stuckenholz C, Davidson LA (2017) Spatiotemporally controlled mechanical cues drive
progenitor mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition enabling proper heart formation and function. Curr Biol 27(9):1326–1335. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.065
11. Chaffer CL, Thompson EW, Williams ED
(2007) Mesenchymal to epithelial transition
in development and disease. Cells Tissues
Organs 185(1–3):7–19. https://doi.org/10.
1159/000101298
12. Nieto MA (2013) Epithelial plasticity: a common theme in embryonic and cancer cells. Science 342(6159):1234850. https://doi.org/
10.1126/science.1234850
Xenopus Deep Cell Aggregates: A 3D Model for MET
285
explant mounting techniques that involve compression under
a glass coverslip bridge since conventional approaches can
disrupt MET.
Acknowledgements
We thank members of both the Davidson and Kim groups for their
comments and support. This work was supported by grants to LAD
from the National Science Foundation (CBET-1547790) and the
National Institutes of Health (R01HD044750; R56HL13495).
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations
expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or
the National Institutes of Health. Additionally HYK was supported
by a Young Scientist Fellowship from Institute for Basic Science
(IBS-R025-Y1).
References
1. Pei D, Shu X, Gassama-Diagne A, Thiery JP
(2019) Mesenchymal–epithelial transition in
development and reprogramming. Nat Cell
Biol 21(1):44
2. Pe ´rez-Pomares JM, Mun ˜oz-Cha ´puli R (2002)
Epithelial–mesenchymal transitions: a mesodermal cell strategy for evolutive innovation in
metazoans. Anat Rec 268(3):343–351
3. Sosa MS, Bragado P, Aguirre-Ghiso JA (2014)
Mechanisms of disseminated cancer cell dormancy: an awakening field. Nat Rev Cancer
14(9):611–622. https://doi.org/10.1038/
nrc3793
4. Stark K, Vainio S, Vassileva G, McMahon AP
(1994) Epithelial transformation of metanephric mesenchyme in the developing kidney regulated by Wnt-4. Nature 372(6507):679–683
5. Trinh LA, Stainier DY (2004) Fibronectin regulates epithelial organization during myocardial migration in zebrafish. Dev Cell 6
(3):371–382
6. Li R, Liang J, Ni S, Zhou T, Qing X, Li H,
He W, Chen J, Li F, Zhuang Q, Qin B, Xu J,
Li W, Yang J, Gan Y, Qin D, Feng S, Song H,
Yang D, Zhang B, Zeng L, Lai L, Esteban MA,
Pei D (2010) A mesenchymal-to-epithelial
transition initiates and is required for the
nuclear reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts.
Cell Stem Cell 7(1):51–63. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.stem.2010.04.014
7. Samavarchi-Tehrani P, Golipour A, David L,
Sung HK, Beyer TA, Datti A, Woltjen K,
Nagy A, Wrana JL (2010) Functional genomics
reveals a BMP-driven mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in the initiation of somatic cell
reprogramming. Cell Stem Cell 7(1):64–77.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2010.04.
015
8. Dressler GR (2002) Tubulogenesis in the
developing mammalian kidney. Trends Cell
Biol 12(8):390–395
9. Trinh LA, Yelon D, Stainier DY (2005) Hand2
regulates epithelial formation during myocardial differentiation. Curr Biol 15(5):441–446
10. Jackson TR, Kim HY, Balakrishnan UL,
Stuckenholz C, Davidson LA (2017) Spatiotemporally controlled mechanical cues drive
progenitor mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition enabling proper heart formation and function. Curr Biol 27(9):1326–1335. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.065
11. Chaffer CL, Thompson EW, Williams ED
(2007) Mesenchymal to epithelial transition
in development and disease. Cells Tissues
Organs 185(1–3):7–19. https://doi.org/10.
1159/000101298
12. Nieto MA (2013) Epithelial plasticity: a common theme in embryonic and cancer cells. Science 342(6159):1234850. https://doi.org/
10.1126/science.1234850
Xenopus Deep Cell Aggregates: A 3D Model for MET
285