Engler AJ, Yang J (2015) Matrix stiffness drives
epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumour
metastasis through a TWIST1-G3BP2
mechanotransduction pathway. Nat Cell Biol
17(5):678–688. https://doi.org/10.1038/
ncb3157
8. Azioune A, Carpi N, Tseng Q, Thery M, Piel
M (2010) Protein micropatterns: a direct printing protocol using deep UVs. Methods Cell
Biol 97:133–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0091-679X(10)97008-8
9. Leight JL, Liu WF, Chaturvedi RR, Chen S,
Yang MT, Raghavan S, Chen CS (2012)
Manipulation of 3D cluster size and geometry
by release from 2D micropatterns. Cell Mol
Bioeng 5(3):299–306. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s12195-012-0236-9
10. Purrucker O, Fortig A, Ludtke K, Jordan R,
Tanaka M (2005) Confinement of transmembrane cell receptors in tunable stripe micropatterns. J Am Chem Soc 127(4):1258–1264.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ja045713m
11. Thery M, Piel M (2009) Adhesive micropatterns for cells: a microcontact printing protocol. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2009(7):pdb.
prot5255.
https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.
prot5255
12. Yilmaz CO, Xu ZS, Gracias DH (2014)
Curved and folded micropatterns in 3D cell
culture and tissue engineering. Methods Cell
Biol 121:121–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/
B978-0-12-800281-0.00009-9
13. Rodriguez-Fraticelli AE, Auzan M, Alonso
MA, Bornens M, Martin-Belmonte F (2012)
Cell confinement controls centrosome positioning and lumen initiation during epithelial
morphogenesis.
J
Cell
Biol
198
(6):1011–1023. https://doi.org/10.1083/
jcb.201203075
14. Bosch-Fortea M et al (2019) Micropatternbased platform as a physiologically relevant
model to study epithelial morphogenesis and
nephrotoxicity. Biomaterials 218:119339.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.
2019.119339
15. Ghibaudo M, Di Meglio JM, Hersen P, Ladoux
B (2011) Mechanics of cell spreading within
3D-micropatterned environments. Lab Chip
11(5):805–812. https://doi.org/10.1039/
c0lc00221f
16. Li Q et al (2016) Extracellular matrix scaffolding guides lumen elongation by inducing
anisotropic intercellular mechanical tension.
Nat Cell Biol 18:311–318. https://doi.org/
10.1038/ncb3310
17. Eiraku M, Takata N, Ishibashi H, Kawada M,
Sakakura E, Okuda S, Sekiguchi K, Adachi T,
Sasai Y (2011) Self-organizing optic-cup morphogenesis in three-dimensional culture.
Nature 472(7341):51–56. https://doi.org/
10.1038/nature09941
18. Sato T, Vries RG, Snippert HJ, van de
Wetering M, Barker N, Stange DE, van Es
JH, Abo A, Kujala P, Peters PJ, Clevers H
(2009) Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus
structures in vitro without a mesenchymal
niche. Nature 459(7244):262–265. https://
doi.org/10.1038/nature07935
19. Xia Y, Nivet E, Sancho-Martinez I, Gallegos T,
Suzuki K, Okamura D, Wu MZ, Dubova I,
Esteban CR, Montserrat N, Campistol JM,
Izpisua Belmonte JC (2013) Directed differentiation of human pluripotent cells to ureteric
bud kidney progenitor-like cells. Nat Cell Biol
15(12):1507–1515.
https://doi.org/10.
1038/ncb2872
20. Nguyen-Ngoc KV, Shamir ER, Huebner RJ,
Beck JN, Cheung KJ, Ewald AJ (2015) 3D
culture assays of murine mammary branching
morphogenesis and epithelial invasion. Methods Mol Biol 1189:135–162. https://doi.org/
10.1007/978-1-4939-1164-6_10
242
Minerva Bosch-Fortea and Fernando Martı ´n-Belmonte
epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumour
metastasis through a TWIST1-G3BP2
mechanotransduction pathway. Nat Cell Biol
17(5):678–688. https://doi.org/10.1038/
ncb3157
8. Azioune A, Carpi N, Tseng Q, Thery M, Piel
M (2010) Protein micropatterns: a direct printing protocol using deep UVs. Methods Cell
Biol 97:133–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0091-679X(10)97008-8
9. Leight JL, Liu WF, Chaturvedi RR, Chen S,
Yang MT, Raghavan S, Chen CS (2012)
Manipulation of 3D cluster size and geometry
by release from 2D micropatterns. Cell Mol
Bioeng 5(3):299–306. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s12195-012-0236-9
10. Purrucker O, Fortig A, Ludtke K, Jordan R,
Tanaka M (2005) Confinement of transmembrane cell receptors in tunable stripe micropatterns. J Am Chem Soc 127(4):1258–1264.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ja045713m
11. Thery M, Piel M (2009) Adhesive micropatterns for cells: a microcontact printing protocol. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2009(7):pdb.
prot5255.
https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.
prot5255
12. Yilmaz CO, Xu ZS, Gracias DH (2014)
Curved and folded micropatterns in 3D cell
culture and tissue engineering. Methods Cell
Biol 121:121–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/
B978-0-12-800281-0.00009-9
13. Rodriguez-Fraticelli AE, Auzan M, Alonso
MA, Bornens M, Martin-Belmonte F (2012)
Cell confinement controls centrosome positioning and lumen initiation during epithelial
morphogenesis.
J
Cell
Biol
198
(6):1011–1023. https://doi.org/10.1083/
jcb.201203075
14. Bosch-Fortea M et al (2019) Micropatternbased platform as a physiologically relevant
model to study epithelial morphogenesis and
nephrotoxicity. Biomaterials 218:119339.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.
2019.119339
15. Ghibaudo M, Di Meglio JM, Hersen P, Ladoux
B (2011) Mechanics of cell spreading within
3D-micropatterned environments. Lab Chip
11(5):805–812. https://doi.org/10.1039/
c0lc00221f
16. Li Q et al (2016) Extracellular matrix scaffolding guides lumen elongation by inducing
anisotropic intercellular mechanical tension.
Nat Cell Biol 18:311–318. https://doi.org/
10.1038/ncb3310
17. Eiraku M, Takata N, Ishibashi H, Kawada M,
Sakakura E, Okuda S, Sekiguchi K, Adachi T,
Sasai Y (2011) Self-organizing optic-cup morphogenesis in three-dimensional culture.
Nature 472(7341):51–56. https://doi.org/
10.1038/nature09941
18. Sato T, Vries RG, Snippert HJ, van de
Wetering M, Barker N, Stange DE, van Es
JH, Abo A, Kujala P, Peters PJ, Clevers H
(2009) Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus
structures in vitro without a mesenchymal
niche. Nature 459(7244):262–265. https://
doi.org/10.1038/nature07935
19. Xia Y, Nivet E, Sancho-Martinez I, Gallegos T,
Suzuki K, Okamura D, Wu MZ, Dubova I,
Esteban CR, Montserrat N, Campistol JM,
Izpisua Belmonte JC (2013) Directed differentiation of human pluripotent cells to ureteric
bud kidney progenitor-like cells. Nat Cell Biol
15(12):1507–1515.
https://doi.org/10.
1038/ncb2872
20. Nguyen-Ngoc KV, Shamir ER, Huebner RJ,
Beck JN, Cheung KJ, Ewald AJ (2015) 3D
culture assays of murine mammary branching
morphogenesis and epithelial invasion. Methods Mol Biol 1189:135–162. https://doi.org/
10.1007/978-1-4939-1164-6_10
242
Minerva Bosch-Fortea and Fernando Martı ´n-Belmonte