8 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Embryogenesis Under …
221
Mark M, Ghyselinck NB, Chambon P (2009) Function of retinoic acid receptors during embryonic
development. Nucl Recept Signal 7:e002
Marrs JA, Clendenon SG, Ratcliffe DR, Fielding SM, Liu Q, Bosron WF (2010) Zebrafish fetal
alcohol syndrome model: effects of ethanol are rescued by retinoic acid supplement. Alcohol
(Fayetteville, N.Y.) 44:707–715
McCarver DG (2001) ADH2 and CYP2E1 genetic polymorphisms: risk factors for alcohol-related
birth defects. Drug Metab Dispos: Biol Fate Chem 29:562–565
McCarver DG, Thomasson HR, Martier SS, Sokol RJ, Li T (1997) Alcohol dehydrogenase-2*3
allele protects against alcohol-related birth defects among African Americans. J Pharmacol Exp
Ther 283:1095–1101
McSorley LC, Daly AK (2000) Identification of human cytochrome P450 isoforms that contribute
to all-trans-retinoic acid 4-hydroxylation. Biochem Pharmacol 60:517–526
Mendelsohn C, Lohnes D, Décimo D, Lufkin T, LeMeur M, Chambon P, Mark M (1994) Function
of the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) during development (II). Multiple abnormalities at various
stages of organogenesis in RAR double mutants. Development (Cambridge, England) 120:2749–
2771
Metzler MA, Sandell LL (2016) Enzymatic metabolism of vitamin A in developing vertebrate
embryos. Nutrients 8:pii: E812
Mezey E, Holt PR (1971) The inhibitory effect of ethanol on retinol oxidation by human liver and
cattle retina. Exp Mol Pathol 15:148–156
Micucci JA, Layman WS, Hurd EA, Sperry ED, Frank SF, Durham MA, Swiderski DL et al (2014)
CHD7 and retinoic acid signaling cooperate to regulate neural stem cell and inner ear development
in mouse models of CHARGE syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 23:434–448
Mic FA, Molotkov A, Molotkova N, Duester G (2004) Raldh2 expression in optic vesicle generates
a retinoic acid signal needed for invagination of retina during optic cup formation. Dev Dyn
231:270–277
Mills JL, Graubard BI, Harley EE, Rhoads GG, Berendes HW (1984) Maternal alcohol consumption and birth weight. How much drinking during pregnancy is safe? JAMA J Am Med Assoc
252:1875–1879
Molotkova N, Molotkov A, Duester G (2007) Role of retinoic acid during forebrain development
begins late when Raldh3 generates retinoic acid in the ventral subventricular zone. Dev Biol
303:601–610
Molotkov A, Duester G (2002) Retinol/ethanol drug interaction during acute alcohol intoxication
in mice involves inhibition of retinol metabolism to retinoic acid by alcohol dehydrogenase. J
Biol Chem 277:22553–22557
Moore CA, Staples JE, Dobyns WB, Pessoa A, Ventura CV, da Fonseca EB, Ribeiro EM et al (2017)
Characterizing the pattern of anomalies in congenital zika syndrome for pediatric clinicians.
JAMA Pediatr 171:288–295
Morriss-Kay GM, Sokolova N (1996) Embryonic development and pattern formation. FASEB J:
Off Publ Fed Am Soc Exp Biol 10:961–968
Muralidharan P, Sarmah S, Marrs JA (2015) Zebrafish retinal defects induced by ethanol exposure
are rescued by retinoic acid and folic acid supplement. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) 49:149–163
Napoli JL (1986) Retinol metabolism in LLC-PK1 Cells. Characterization of retinoic acid synthesis
by an established mammalian cell line. J Biol Chem 261:13592–13597
Newman H, Fletcher E (1941) The effect of alcohol on vision. Am J Med Sci 202:723–731
Nicholls P (2012) Classical catalase: ancient and modern. Arch Biochem Biophys 525:95–101
Niederreither K, Dollé P (2008) Retinoic acid in development: towards an integrated view. Nat Rev
Genet 9:541–553
Niederreither K, McCaffery P, Dräger UC, Chambon P, Dollé P (1997) Restricted expression and
retinoic acid-induced downregulation of the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 (RALDH-2)
gene during mouse development. Mech Dev 62:67–78
Niederreither K, Subbarayan V, Dollé P, Chambon P (1999) Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is
essential for early mouse post-implantation development. Nat Genet 21:444–448
221
Mark M, Ghyselinck NB, Chambon P (2009) Function of retinoic acid receptors during embryonic
development. Nucl Recept Signal 7:e002
Marrs JA, Clendenon SG, Ratcliffe DR, Fielding SM, Liu Q, Bosron WF (2010) Zebrafish fetal
alcohol syndrome model: effects of ethanol are rescued by retinoic acid supplement. Alcohol
(Fayetteville, N.Y.) 44:707–715
McCarver DG (2001) ADH2 and CYP2E1 genetic polymorphisms: risk factors for alcohol-related
birth defects. Drug Metab Dispos: Biol Fate Chem 29:562–565
McCarver DG, Thomasson HR, Martier SS, Sokol RJ, Li T (1997) Alcohol dehydrogenase-2*3
allele protects against alcohol-related birth defects among African Americans. J Pharmacol Exp
Ther 283:1095–1101
McSorley LC, Daly AK (2000) Identification of human cytochrome P450 isoforms that contribute
to all-trans-retinoic acid 4-hydroxylation. Biochem Pharmacol 60:517–526
Mendelsohn C, Lohnes D, Décimo D, Lufkin T, LeMeur M, Chambon P, Mark M (1994) Function
of the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) during development (II). Multiple abnormalities at various
stages of organogenesis in RAR double mutants. Development (Cambridge, England) 120:2749–
2771
Metzler MA, Sandell LL (2016) Enzymatic metabolism of vitamin A in developing vertebrate
embryos. Nutrients 8:pii: E812
Mezey E, Holt PR (1971) The inhibitory effect of ethanol on retinol oxidation by human liver and
cattle retina. Exp Mol Pathol 15:148–156
Micucci JA, Layman WS, Hurd EA, Sperry ED, Frank SF, Durham MA, Swiderski DL et al (2014)
CHD7 and retinoic acid signaling cooperate to regulate neural stem cell and inner ear development
in mouse models of CHARGE syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 23:434–448
Mic FA, Molotkov A, Molotkova N, Duester G (2004) Raldh2 expression in optic vesicle generates
a retinoic acid signal needed for invagination of retina during optic cup formation. Dev Dyn
231:270–277
Mills JL, Graubard BI, Harley EE, Rhoads GG, Berendes HW (1984) Maternal alcohol consumption and birth weight. How much drinking during pregnancy is safe? JAMA J Am Med Assoc
252:1875–1879
Molotkova N, Molotkov A, Duester G (2007) Role of retinoic acid during forebrain development
begins late when Raldh3 generates retinoic acid in the ventral subventricular zone. Dev Biol
303:601–610
Molotkov A, Duester G (2002) Retinol/ethanol drug interaction during acute alcohol intoxication
in mice involves inhibition of retinol metabolism to retinoic acid by alcohol dehydrogenase. J
Biol Chem 277:22553–22557
Moore CA, Staples JE, Dobyns WB, Pessoa A, Ventura CV, da Fonseca EB, Ribeiro EM et al (2017)
Characterizing the pattern of anomalies in congenital zika syndrome for pediatric clinicians.
JAMA Pediatr 171:288–295
Morriss-Kay GM, Sokolova N (1996) Embryonic development and pattern formation. FASEB J:
Off Publ Fed Am Soc Exp Biol 10:961–968
Muralidharan P, Sarmah S, Marrs JA (2015) Zebrafish retinal defects induced by ethanol exposure
are rescued by retinoic acid and folic acid supplement. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) 49:149–163
Napoli JL (1986) Retinol metabolism in LLC-PK1 Cells. Characterization of retinoic acid synthesis
by an established mammalian cell line. J Biol Chem 261:13592–13597
Newman H, Fletcher E (1941) The effect of alcohol on vision. Am J Med Sci 202:723–731
Nicholls P (2012) Classical catalase: ancient and modern. Arch Biochem Biophys 525:95–101
Niederreither K, Dollé P (2008) Retinoic acid in development: towards an integrated view. Nat Rev
Genet 9:541–553
Niederreither K, McCaffery P, Dräger UC, Chambon P, Dollé P (1997) Restricted expression and
retinoic acid-induced downregulation of the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 (RALDH-2)
gene during mouse development. Mech Dev 62:67–78
Niederreither K, Subbarayan V, Dollé P, Chambon P (1999) Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is
essential for early mouse post-implantation development. Nat Genet 21:444–448