99. Liu R, Dai Y, Sun L (2015) Effect of rhizosphere enzymes on phytoremediation in
PAH-Contaminated soil using five plant species. PLoS One 10(3):e0120369. https://doi.org/
10.1371/journal.pone.0120369
100. Chroma L, Mackovam M, Kucerovam P, Der Wiesche C, Burkhard J, Macek T (2002)
Enzymes in plant metabolism of PCBs and PAHs. Acta Biotechnol 22:35–41
101. Gramss G, Voigt KD, Kirsche B (1999) Degradation of polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons
with three to seven aromatic rings by higher fungi in sterile and unsterile soils. Biodegradation
10:51–62
102. Harvey PJ, Xiang M, Palmer JM (2002) Extracellular enzymes in the rhizosphere. In: Proceedings of inter-cost workshop on soil-microbe-root interactions: maximising
phytoremediation/bioremediation. Grainau, Germany, pp 23–25
103. Merkl N, Schultze-Kraft R, Infante C (2005) Phytoremediation in the tropics–influence of
heavy crude oil on root morphological characteristics of graminoids. Environ Pollut 138
(1):86–91
104. Blaylock MJ, Salt DE, Dushenkov S, Zakharova O, Gussman C, Kapulnik Y, Ensley BD,
Raskin I (1997) Enhanced accumulation of Pb in Indian mustard by soil-applied chelating
agents. Environ Sci Technol 31:860–865
105. Seuntjens P, Nowack B, Schulin R (2004) Root-zone modeling of heavy metal uptake and
leaching in the presence of organic ligands. Plant Soil 265(1–2):61–73
106. Placek A, Grobelak A, Kacprzak M (2016) Improving the phytoremediation of heavy metals
contaminated soil by use of sewage sludge. Int J Phytoremediation 18(6):605–618
107. Huang JW, Chen J, Berti WR, Cunningham SD (1997) Phytoremediation of leadcontaminated soils: role of synthetic chelates in lead phytoextraction. Environ Sci Technol
31(3):800–805
108. Piechalak A, Tomaszewska B, Barałkiewicz D (2003) Enhancing phytoremediative ability of
Pisum sativum by EDTA application. Phytochemistry 64(7):1239–1251
109. Turgut C, Pepe MK, Cutright TJ (2004) The effect of EDTA and citric acid on
phytoremediation of Cd, Cr, and Ni from soil using Helianthus annuus. Environ Pollut 131
(1):147–154
110. Rofkar JR, Dwyer DF (2011) Effects of light regime, temperature, and plant age on uptake of
arsenic by Spartina pectinata and Carex stricta. Int J Phytoremediation 13(6):528–537
111. Asher CJ, Reay PF (1979) Arsenic uptake by barley seedlings. Funct Plant Biol 6(4):459–466
112. Jonasson S, Stuart Chapin III, F. (1991) Seasonal uptake and allocation of phosphorus in
Eriophorum vaginatum L measured by labelling with 32P. New Phytol 118(2):349–357
113. Meharg AA, Macnair MR (1990) An altered phosphate uptake system in arsenate-tolerant
Holcus lanatus L. New Phytol 116(1):29–35
114. Tate KR, Speir TW, Ross DJ, Parfitt RL, Whale KN, Cowling JC (1991) Temporal variations
in some plant and soil P pools in two pasture soils of widely different P fertility status. Plant
Soil 132(2):219–232
115. Yanai RD (1994) A steady-state model of nutrient uptake improved to account for newlygrown roots. Soil Sci Soc Am J 58:1562–1571
116. Fritioff Å, Greger M (2003) Aquatic and terrestrial plant species with potential to remove
heavy metals from stormwater. Int J Phytoremediation 5(3):211–224
117. Farrell M, Jones DL (2010) Use of composts in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated
soil. J Hazard Mater 175:575–582
118. Kiikkilä O, Perkiömäki J, Barnette M, Derome J, Pennanen T, Tulisalo E, Fritze H (2001) In
situ bioremediation through mulching of soil polluted by a copper–nickel smelter. J Environ
Qual 30(4):1134–1143
119. Bolan NS, Duraisamy VP (2003) Role of inorganic and organic soil amendments on
immobilisation and phytoavailability of heavy metals: a review involving specific case studies.
Soil Res 41(3):533–555
120. Ebbs SD, Lasat MM, Brady DJ, Cornish J, Gordon R, Kochian LV (1997) Phytoextraction of
cadmium and zinc from a contaminated soil. J Environ Qual 26(5):1424–1430
Phytoremediation of Soil for Metal and Organic Pollutant Removal
65
PAH-Contaminated soil using five plant species. PLoS One 10(3):e0120369. https://doi.org/
10.1371/journal.pone.0120369
100. Chroma L, Mackovam M, Kucerovam P, Der Wiesche C, Burkhard J, Macek T (2002)
Enzymes in plant metabolism of PCBs and PAHs. Acta Biotechnol 22:35–41
101. Gramss G, Voigt KD, Kirsche B (1999) Degradation of polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons
with three to seven aromatic rings by higher fungi in sterile and unsterile soils. Biodegradation
10:51–62
102. Harvey PJ, Xiang M, Palmer JM (2002) Extracellular enzymes in the rhizosphere. In: Proceedings of inter-cost workshop on soil-microbe-root interactions: maximising
phytoremediation/bioremediation. Grainau, Germany, pp 23–25
103. Merkl N, Schultze-Kraft R, Infante C (2005) Phytoremediation in the tropics–influence of
heavy crude oil on root morphological characteristics of graminoids. Environ Pollut 138
(1):86–91
104. Blaylock MJ, Salt DE, Dushenkov S, Zakharova O, Gussman C, Kapulnik Y, Ensley BD,
Raskin I (1997) Enhanced accumulation of Pb in Indian mustard by soil-applied chelating
agents. Environ Sci Technol 31:860–865
105. Seuntjens P, Nowack B, Schulin R (2004) Root-zone modeling of heavy metal uptake and
leaching in the presence of organic ligands. Plant Soil 265(1–2):61–73
106. Placek A, Grobelak A, Kacprzak M (2016) Improving the phytoremediation of heavy metals
contaminated soil by use of sewage sludge. Int J Phytoremediation 18(6):605–618
107. Huang JW, Chen J, Berti WR, Cunningham SD (1997) Phytoremediation of leadcontaminated soils: role of synthetic chelates in lead phytoextraction. Environ Sci Technol
31(3):800–805
108. Piechalak A, Tomaszewska B, Barałkiewicz D (2003) Enhancing phytoremediative ability of
Pisum sativum by EDTA application. Phytochemistry 64(7):1239–1251
109. Turgut C, Pepe MK, Cutright TJ (2004) The effect of EDTA and citric acid on
phytoremediation of Cd, Cr, and Ni from soil using Helianthus annuus. Environ Pollut 131
(1):147–154
110. Rofkar JR, Dwyer DF (2011) Effects of light regime, temperature, and plant age on uptake of
arsenic by Spartina pectinata and Carex stricta. Int J Phytoremediation 13(6):528–537
111. Asher CJ, Reay PF (1979) Arsenic uptake by barley seedlings. Funct Plant Biol 6(4):459–466
112. Jonasson S, Stuart Chapin III, F. (1991) Seasonal uptake and allocation of phosphorus in
Eriophorum vaginatum L measured by labelling with 32P. New Phytol 118(2):349–357
113. Meharg AA, Macnair MR (1990) An altered phosphate uptake system in arsenate-tolerant
Holcus lanatus L. New Phytol 116(1):29–35
114. Tate KR, Speir TW, Ross DJ, Parfitt RL, Whale KN, Cowling JC (1991) Temporal variations
in some plant and soil P pools in two pasture soils of widely different P fertility status. Plant
Soil 132(2):219–232
115. Yanai RD (1994) A steady-state model of nutrient uptake improved to account for newlygrown roots. Soil Sci Soc Am J 58:1562–1571
116. Fritioff Å, Greger M (2003) Aquatic and terrestrial plant species with potential to remove
heavy metals from stormwater. Int J Phytoremediation 5(3):211–224
117. Farrell M, Jones DL (2010) Use of composts in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated
soil. J Hazard Mater 175:575–582
118. Kiikkilä O, Perkiömäki J, Barnette M, Derome J, Pennanen T, Tulisalo E, Fritze H (2001) In
situ bioremediation through mulching of soil polluted by a copper–nickel smelter. J Environ
Qual 30(4):1134–1143
119. Bolan NS, Duraisamy VP (2003) Role of inorganic and organic soil amendments on
immobilisation and phytoavailability of heavy metals: a review involving specific case studies.
Soil Res 41(3):533–555
120. Ebbs SD, Lasat MM, Brady DJ, Cornish J, Gordon R, Kochian LV (1997) Phytoextraction of
cadmium and zinc from a contaminated soil. J Environ Qual 26(5):1424–1430
Phytoremediation of Soil for Metal and Organic Pollutant Removal
65