151
Duan, P., & Savage, P. E. (2011). Hydrothermal liquefaction of a Microalga with heterogeneous catalysts. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 50(1), 52–61. https://doi.
org/10.1021/ie100758s.
Dworakowska, S., Bogdał, D., Zaccheria, F., & Ravasio, N. (2014). The role of catalysis in the
synthesis of polyurethane foams based on renewable raw materials. Catalysis Today, 223,
148–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2013.11.054.
Effendi, A., Gerhauser, H., & Bridgwater, A. V. (2008). Production of renewable phenolic resins by
thermochemical conversion of biomass: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,
12(8), 2092–2116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2007.04.008.
Elliott, D. C., Beckman, D., Bridgwater, A. V., Diebold, J. P., Gevert, S. B., & Solantausta,
Y. (1991). Developments in direct thermochemical liquefaction of biomass: 1983-1990. Energy
and Fuels, 5(3), 399–410. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00027a008.
Fan, L., Zhang, Y., Liu, S., Zhou, N., Chen, P., Cheng, Y., Addy, M., Lu, Q., Omar, M. M., Liu,
Y., Wang, Y., Dai, L., Anderson, E., Peng, P., Lei, H., & Ruan, R. (2017). Bio-oil from fast
pyrolysis of lignin: Effects of process and upgrading parameters. Bioresource Technology, 241,
1118–1126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.129.
Feng, S., Yuan, Z., Leitch, M., Shui, H., & Xu, C. C. (2016). Effects of bark extraction before
liquefaction and liquid oil fractionation after liquefaction on bark-based phenol formaldehyde resoles. Industrial Crops and Products, 84, 330–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
indcrop.2016.02.022.
Fiore, S., Berruti, F., & Briens, C. (2018). Investigation of innovative and conventional pyrolysis
of ligneous and herbaceous biomasses for biochar production. Biomass and Bioenergy, 119,
381–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.10.010.
Gao, R., Liu, Y., & Xu, Z. (2018). Synthesis of oil-based resin using pyrolysis oil produced by
debromination pyrolysis of waste printed circuit boards. Journal of Cleaner Production, 203,
645–654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.228.
Garg, R., Anand, N., & Kumar, D. (2016). Pyrolysis of babool seeds (Acacia nilotica) in a fixed
bed reactor and bio-oil characterization. Renew Energy, 96(Part A), 167–171. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.04.059.
Ge, J., Zhong, W., Guo, Z., Li, W., & Sakai, K. (2000). Biodegradable polyurethane materials
from bark and starch. I. Highly resilient foams. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 77(12),
2575–2580. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4628(20000919)77:12<2575::aid-app30>3.0.co;2-l.
Goods, S. H., Neuschwanger, C. L., Whinnery, L. L., & Nix, W. D. (1999). Mechanical properties of a
particle-strengthened polyurethane foam. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 74(11), 2724–2736.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19991209)74:11<2724::aid-app20>3.0.co;2-1.
Guo, A., Javni, I., & Petrovic, Z. (2011). Rigid polyurethane foams based on soybean
oil. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 77(2), 467–473. https://doi.org/10.1002/
(sici)1097-4628(20000711)77:2<467::aid-app25>3.0.co;2-f.
Gutiérrez, T. J., & Alvarez, V. A. (2017). Cellulosic materials as natural fillers in starch-containing
matrix-based films: A review. Polymer Bulletin, 74(6), 2401–2430. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00289-016-1814-0.
Harman-Ware, A. E., Morgan, T., Wilson, M., Crocker, M., Zhang, J., Liu, K., Stork, J., & Debolt,
S. (2013). Microalgae as a renewable fuel source: Fast pyrolysis of Scenedesmu sp. Renewable
Energy, 60, 625–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2013.06.016.
Hatakeyama, H., Kato, N., Nanbo, T., & Hatakeyama, T. (2012). Water absorbent polyurethane
composites derived from molasses and lignin filled with microcrystalline cellulose. Journal of
Materials Science, 47(20), 7254–7261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6674-x.
Herniou--Julien, C., Mendieta, J. R., & Gutiérrez, T. J. (2019). Characterization of biodegradable/non-compostable films made from cellulose acetate/corn starch blends processed under
reactive extrusion conditions. Food Hydrocolloids, 89, 67–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
foodhyd.2018.10.024.
Huang, J., & Zhang, L. (2002). Effects of NCO/OH molar ratio on structure and properties of
graft-interpenetrating polymer networks from polyurethane and nitrolignin. Polymer, 43(8),
2287–2294. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00028-9.
7 Synthesis of Biobased Polyurethane Foams From Agricultural and Forestry Wastes
Duan, P., & Savage, P. E. (2011). Hydrothermal liquefaction of a Microalga with heterogeneous catalysts. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 50(1), 52–61. https://doi.
org/10.1021/ie100758s.
Dworakowska, S., Bogdał, D., Zaccheria, F., & Ravasio, N. (2014). The role of catalysis in the
synthesis of polyurethane foams based on renewable raw materials. Catalysis Today, 223,
148–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2013.11.054.
Effendi, A., Gerhauser, H., & Bridgwater, A. V. (2008). Production of renewable phenolic resins by
thermochemical conversion of biomass: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,
12(8), 2092–2116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2007.04.008.
Elliott, D. C., Beckman, D., Bridgwater, A. V., Diebold, J. P., Gevert, S. B., & Solantausta,
Y. (1991). Developments in direct thermochemical liquefaction of biomass: 1983-1990. Energy
and Fuels, 5(3), 399–410. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00027a008.
Fan, L., Zhang, Y., Liu, S., Zhou, N., Chen, P., Cheng, Y., Addy, M., Lu, Q., Omar, M. M., Liu,
Y., Wang, Y., Dai, L., Anderson, E., Peng, P., Lei, H., & Ruan, R. (2017). Bio-oil from fast
pyrolysis of lignin: Effects of process and upgrading parameters. Bioresource Technology, 241,
1118–1126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.129.
Feng, S., Yuan, Z., Leitch, M., Shui, H., & Xu, C. C. (2016). Effects of bark extraction before
liquefaction and liquid oil fractionation after liquefaction on bark-based phenol formaldehyde resoles. Industrial Crops and Products, 84, 330–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
indcrop.2016.02.022.
Fiore, S., Berruti, F., & Briens, C. (2018). Investigation of innovative and conventional pyrolysis
of ligneous and herbaceous biomasses for biochar production. Biomass and Bioenergy, 119,
381–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.10.010.
Gao, R., Liu, Y., & Xu, Z. (2018). Synthesis of oil-based resin using pyrolysis oil produced by
debromination pyrolysis of waste printed circuit boards. Journal of Cleaner Production, 203,
645–654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.228.
Garg, R., Anand, N., & Kumar, D. (2016). Pyrolysis of babool seeds (Acacia nilotica) in a fixed
bed reactor and bio-oil characterization. Renew Energy, 96(Part A), 167–171. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.04.059.
Ge, J., Zhong, W., Guo, Z., Li, W., & Sakai, K. (2000). Biodegradable polyurethane materials
from bark and starch. I. Highly resilient foams. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 77(12),
2575–2580. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4628(20000919)77:12<2575::aid-app30>3.0.co;2-l.
Goods, S. H., Neuschwanger, C. L., Whinnery, L. L., & Nix, W. D. (1999). Mechanical properties of a
particle-strengthened polyurethane foam. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 74(11), 2724–2736.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19991209)74:11<2724::aid-app20>3.0.co;2-1.
Guo, A., Javni, I., & Petrovic, Z. (2011). Rigid polyurethane foams based on soybean
oil. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 77(2), 467–473. https://doi.org/10.1002/
(sici)1097-4628(20000711)77:2<467::aid-app25>3.0.co;2-f.
Gutiérrez, T. J., & Alvarez, V. A. (2017). Cellulosic materials as natural fillers in starch-containing
matrix-based films: A review. Polymer Bulletin, 74(6), 2401–2430. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00289-016-1814-0.
Harman-Ware, A. E., Morgan, T., Wilson, M., Crocker, M., Zhang, J., Liu, K., Stork, J., & Debolt,
S. (2013). Microalgae as a renewable fuel source: Fast pyrolysis of Scenedesmu sp. Renewable
Energy, 60, 625–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2013.06.016.
Hatakeyama, H., Kato, N., Nanbo, T., & Hatakeyama, T. (2012). Water absorbent polyurethane
composites derived from molasses and lignin filled with microcrystalline cellulose. Journal of
Materials Science, 47(20), 7254–7261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6674-x.
Herniou--Julien, C., Mendieta, J. R., & Gutiérrez, T. J. (2019). Characterization of biodegradable/non-compostable films made from cellulose acetate/corn starch blends processed under
reactive extrusion conditions. Food Hydrocolloids, 89, 67–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
foodhyd.2018.10.024.
Huang, J., & Zhang, L. (2002). Effects of NCO/OH molar ratio on structure and properties of
graft-interpenetrating polymer networks from polyurethane and nitrolignin. Polymer, 43(8),
2287–2294. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00028-9.
7 Synthesis of Biobased Polyurethane Foams From Agricultural and Forestry Wastes