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© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
T. J. Gutiérrez (ed.), Reactive and Functional Polymers Volume One,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43403-8_3
Chapter 3
Reactive Modification of Fiber Polymer
Materials for Textile Applications
Avinash P. Manian, Tung Pham, and Thomas Bechtold
Abstract Many reactive processes with the purpose of modifying the structure of
fiber polymers are applied in textile chemistry in order to change their properties.
These processes depend on the chemical nature of the polymer and the type of
modification, and these aspects are discussed with respect to alkalization, chemical
crosslinking with bi- and multifunctional reagents, hydrolytic processes, deposition
and grafting of polymers, as well as crosslinking with urea-based reactive systems
(e.g. dry cure processes). The selection of process parameters are of decisive importance for the efficient development of a desired portfolio of properties in a certain
fiber- based product. This chapter aims to analyze the recent advances in reactive
modification of fiber polymer materials.
Keywords Bulk properties · Composites · Interfaces · Surface modification ·
Technical textiles
3.1 Introduction
The manipulation of fibrous materials into structures useful for human purposes has
a long history. Initially, the focus of textile science and technology was to improve
aesthetics (e.g. color and appearance), comfort (e.g. softness) and protection properties (e.g. thermal insulation) of apparel and clothing, but over time, the scope has
expanded to include other aspects, both within and outside the apparel and clothing
sector. Within the apparel and clothing sector, the focus is increasingly on addressing the environmental impact of textile processing (Khatri et al. 2015; Holkar et al.
2016). Therefore, the reduction of the chemical load (e.g. dyes and salts), the
A. P. Manian (*) · T. Pham · T. Bechtold
Research Institute of Textile Chemistry and Textile Physics, University of Innsbruck,
Dornbirn, Austria
e-mail: avinash.manian@uibk.ac.at
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
T. J. Gutiérrez (ed.), Reactive and Functional Polymers Volume One,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43403-8_3
Chapter 3
Reactive Modification of Fiber Polymer
Materials for Textile Applications
Avinash P. Manian, Tung Pham, and Thomas Bechtold
Abstract Many reactive processes with the purpose of modifying the structure of
fiber polymers are applied in textile chemistry in order to change their properties.
These processes depend on the chemical nature of the polymer and the type of
modification, and these aspects are discussed with respect to alkalization, chemical
crosslinking with bi- and multifunctional reagents, hydrolytic processes, deposition
and grafting of polymers, as well as crosslinking with urea-based reactive systems
(e.g. dry cure processes). The selection of process parameters are of decisive importance for the efficient development of a desired portfolio of properties in a certain
fiber- based product. This chapter aims to analyze the recent advances in reactive
modification of fiber polymer materials.
Keywords Bulk properties · Composites · Interfaces · Surface modification ·
Technical textiles
3.1 Introduction
The manipulation of fibrous materials into structures useful for human purposes has
a long history. Initially, the focus of textile science and technology was to improve
aesthetics (e.g. color and appearance), comfort (e.g. softness) and protection properties (e.g. thermal insulation) of apparel and clothing, but over time, the scope has
expanded to include other aspects, both within and outside the apparel and clothing
sector. Within the apparel and clothing sector, the focus is increasingly on addressing the environmental impact of textile processing (Khatri et al. 2015; Holkar et al.
2016). Therefore, the reduction of the chemical load (e.g. dyes and salts), the
A. P. Manian (*) · T. Pham · T. Bechtold
Research Institute of Textile Chemistry and Textile Physics, University of Innsbruck,
Dornbirn, Austria
e-mail: avinash.manian@uibk.ac.at