synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles is found to be 150 nm–300 nm respectively.
Therefore, UV–visible spectra, particle size analyzer, and scanning electron microscopy images confirm that the synthesized zinc oxide particles are in nanoform and it
is fit for use in water purification treatment.
7 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Dispersed Cellulose Acetate
Nanofibrous Membrane
Electrospinnig is one of the direct processes to produce nanofibrous membrane due
to its easy incorporation of additives into the homogeneous polymer solution. The
zinc oxide nanoparticles (0.5 wt %) are dispersed into the homogeneous 10 wt %
cellulose acetate solution using sonicator for 4 h at room temperature. The
electrospun zinc oxide nanoparticle dispersed cellulose acetate nanofibers are continuous, bead free, smooth, uniform in nature, and interconnected porous structure,
and the average fiber diameter is found to be approximately 130 Æ 30 nm as seen in
Fig. 5. The average fiber diameter is increased from 110 Æ 30 nm to 130 Æ 30 nm
which confirms the uniform distribution of zinc oxide nanoparticles in to the
cellulose acetate nanofibrous membrane. The smooth, continuous, uniform distribution of zinc oxide nanoparticles in to the cellulose acetate nanofibrous membrane is
once again clearly confirmed by transmission electron microscopy as seen in Fig. 6a.
No other impurities are present in the electrospun zinc oxide nanoparticle dispersed
cellulose acetate nanofibrous membrane which is confirmed by energy-dispersive
X-ray (EDX) spectrum (Fig. 6b). The theoretical expected stoichiometric mass
percent value of the zinc is 80.3% and oxide is 19.7%, respectively [50]. The
EDX spectrum result confirms the presence of zinc oxide nanoparticles, uniform
distribution, and excellent purity (zinc content – 63.65% and oxygen content –
Table 2 Particle size analyzer data for the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles
Z-Average (d. nm)
Size (d. nm)
% Intensity
Width (d. nm)
Pdl
295.7
207.6
100
39.6
0.460
Fig. 4 Scanning electron microscopic image of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticle (a) magnification at 1 μm and (b) magnification at 0.2 μm
Biopolymer-Based Nanofibrous Membrane for Water Purification Treatment
235
Therefore, UV–visible spectra, particle size analyzer, and scanning electron microscopy images confirm that the synthesized zinc oxide particles are in nanoform and it
is fit for use in water purification treatment.
7 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Dispersed Cellulose Acetate
Nanofibrous Membrane
Electrospinnig is one of the direct processes to produce nanofibrous membrane due
to its easy incorporation of additives into the homogeneous polymer solution. The
zinc oxide nanoparticles (0.5 wt %) are dispersed into the homogeneous 10 wt %
cellulose acetate solution using sonicator for 4 h at room temperature. The
electrospun zinc oxide nanoparticle dispersed cellulose acetate nanofibers are continuous, bead free, smooth, uniform in nature, and interconnected porous structure,
and the average fiber diameter is found to be approximately 130 Æ 30 nm as seen in
Fig. 5. The average fiber diameter is increased from 110 Æ 30 nm to 130 Æ 30 nm
which confirms the uniform distribution of zinc oxide nanoparticles in to the
cellulose acetate nanofibrous membrane. The smooth, continuous, uniform distribution of zinc oxide nanoparticles in to the cellulose acetate nanofibrous membrane is
once again clearly confirmed by transmission electron microscopy as seen in Fig. 6a.
No other impurities are present in the electrospun zinc oxide nanoparticle dispersed
cellulose acetate nanofibrous membrane which is confirmed by energy-dispersive
X-ray (EDX) spectrum (Fig. 6b). The theoretical expected stoichiometric mass
percent value of the zinc is 80.3% and oxide is 19.7%, respectively [50]. The
EDX spectrum result confirms the presence of zinc oxide nanoparticles, uniform
distribution, and excellent purity (zinc content – 63.65% and oxygen content –
Table 2 Particle size analyzer data for the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles
Z-Average (d. nm)
Size (d. nm)
% Intensity
Width (d. nm)
Pdl
295.7
207.6
100
39.6
0.460
Fig. 4 Scanning electron microscopic image of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticle (a) magnification at 1 μm and (b) magnification at 0.2 μm
Biopolymer-Based Nanofibrous Membrane for Water Purification Treatment
235