Table 17.1
Alien species that have been assessed by the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) scheme to have major (MR) and massive
(MV) impacts on biodiversity in South Africa
a
Taxon Species
Assessment
category
Mechanisms
Impacts
Source
Fish
Oreochromis niloticus
(Nile Tilapia)
MV
Hybridisation
Native Oreochromis
species such as O. mossambicuss
are under
threat from hybridisation with O. niloticus
Marr et al. (2017)
Grass Arundo donax
(Giant Reed)
MR
Competition
Dominates riparian areas and can locally exclude native species Visser et al. (2017), Nkuna
et al. (2018), VK Nkuna
(unpublished data)
Grass Glyceria maxima
(Reed
Meadow Grass)
MR
Competition
Outcompetes native wetland species
Visser et al. (2017), Nkuna
et al. (2018), VK Nkuna
(unpublished data)
Fish
Micropterus dolomieu
(Smallmouth Bass)
MR
Competition and
predation
Causes changes in the community structure of invertebrates and
local extirpations and fragmentation of native
fish
populations through predation
Marr et al. (2017)
Fish
Micropterus salmoides
(Largemouth Bass)
MR
Competition and
predation
Causes changes in the community structure of invertebrates and
local extirpations and fragmentation of native
fish
populations through predation
Marr et al. (2017)
Fish
Oncorhynchus mykiss
(Rainbow Trout)
MR
Competition and
predation
Causes declines, and in some cases local extirpation, of native
invertebrates, frogs and
fish through predation
Marr et al. (2017)
Fish
Salmo trutta
(Brown
Trout)
MR
Competition and
predation
Causes declines, and in some cases local extirpation, of native
invertebrates, frogs and
fish through predation
Marr et al. (2017)
a
Major impacts lead to community changes, which are reversible; and massive impacts leads to irreversible community changes and extinctions
494
T. A. Zengeya et al.
Alien species that have been assessed by the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) scheme to have major (MR) and massive
(MV) impacts on biodiversity in South Africa
a
Taxon Species
Assessment
category
Mechanisms
Impacts
Source
Fish
Oreochromis niloticus
(Nile Tilapia)
MV
Hybridisation
Native Oreochromis
species such as O. mossambicuss
are under
threat from hybridisation with O. niloticus
Marr et al. (2017)
Grass Arundo donax
(Giant Reed)
MR
Competition
Dominates riparian areas and can locally exclude native species Visser et al. (2017), Nkuna
et al. (2018), VK Nkuna
(unpublished data)
Grass Glyceria maxima
(Reed
Meadow Grass)
MR
Competition
Outcompetes native wetland species
Visser et al. (2017), Nkuna
et al. (2018), VK Nkuna
(unpublished data)
Fish
Micropterus dolomieu
(Smallmouth Bass)
MR
Competition and
predation
Causes changes in the community structure of invertebrates and
local extirpations and fragmentation of native
fish
populations through predation
Marr et al. (2017)
Fish
Micropterus salmoides
(Largemouth Bass)
MR
Competition and
predation
Causes changes in the community structure of invertebrates and
local extirpations and fragmentation of native
fish
populations through predation
Marr et al. (2017)
Fish
Oncorhynchus mykiss
(Rainbow Trout)
MR
Competition and
predation
Causes declines, and in some cases local extirpation, of native
invertebrates, frogs and
fish through predation
Marr et al. (2017)
Fish
Salmo trutta
(Brown
Trout)
MR
Competition and
predation
Causes declines, and in some cases local extirpation, of native
invertebrates, frogs and
fish through predation
Marr et al. (2017)
a
Major impacts lead to community changes, which are reversible; and massive impacts leads to irreversible community changes and extinctions
494
T. A. Zengeya et al.