226
8 Models of Chemical Bonding and “Empirical” Methods
Table 8.9 Table of electronegativities a
H
2.20
2.20
2.592
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
0.98
1.57
2.04
2.55
3.04
3.44
3.98
0.97
1.47
2.01
2.50
3.07
3.50
4.10
0.886
1.810
2.275
2.746
3.194
3.654
4.000
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
0.93
1.31
1.61
1.90
2.19
2.58
3.16
1.01
1.23
1.47
1.74
2.06
2.44
2.83
0.835
1.318
1.714
2.138
2.515
2.957
3.475
K
Ca
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
0.82
1.00
1.81
2.01
2.18
2.55
2.96
0.91
1.04
1.82
2.02
2.20
2.48
2.74
0.445
0.946
2.419
2.618
2.816
3.014
3.219
Rb
Sr
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
0.82
0.95
1.78
1.96
2.05
2.10
2.66
0.89
0.99
1.49
1.72
1.82
2.01
2.21
0.312
0.721
2.138
2.298
2.458
2.618
2.778
a The first number corresponds to Pauling scale the second one to Allred-Rochow scale, and the
third one to Sanderson scale
where the energies are expressed in expressed in kJ mol
−1 .
Sanderson (1983a, b) has proposed a method of calculation based on the reciprocal
of the atomic volume.
Some data for the different scales are given in Table 8.9.
8.6.5 Group Electronegativity
It is also possible to associate an electronegativity to a functional group (such as OH
and CH 3 ). The group electronegativities are derived either by experimental methods
or computational methods. The problem is that the different methods give values that
are not always compatible. For a review, see Bratsch (1985).
8 Models of Chemical Bonding and “Empirical” Methods
Table 8.9 Table of electronegativities a
H
2.20
2.20
2.592
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
0.98
1.57
2.04
2.55
3.04
3.44
3.98
0.97
1.47
2.01
2.50
3.07
3.50
4.10
0.886
1.810
2.275
2.746
3.194
3.654
4.000
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
0.93
1.31
1.61
1.90
2.19
2.58
3.16
1.01
1.23
1.47
1.74
2.06
2.44
2.83
0.835
1.318
1.714
2.138
2.515
2.957
3.475
K
Ca
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
0.82
1.00
1.81
2.01
2.18
2.55
2.96
0.91
1.04
1.82
2.02
2.20
2.48
2.74
0.445
0.946
2.419
2.618
2.816
3.014
3.219
Rb
Sr
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
0.82
0.95
1.78
1.96
2.05
2.10
2.66
0.89
0.99
1.49
1.72
1.82
2.01
2.21
0.312
0.721
2.138
2.298
2.458
2.618
2.778
a The first number corresponds to Pauling scale the second one to Allred-Rochow scale, and the
third one to Sanderson scale
where the energies are expressed in expressed in kJ mol
−1 .
Sanderson (1983a, b) has proposed a method of calculation based on the reciprocal
of the atomic volume.
Some data for the different scales are given in Table 8.9.
8.6.5 Group Electronegativity
It is also possible to associate an electronegativity to a functional group (such as OH
and CH 3 ). The group electronegativities are derived either by experimental methods
or computational methods. The problem is that the different methods give values that
are not always compatible. For a review, see Bratsch (1985).