Ethical Approval: This chapter does not contain any studies with human participants or animals
performed by any of the authors.
Informed Consent: This chapter does not contain any informed consent material.
References
1. Laurent G, German NJ, Saha AK et al (2013) SIRT4 coordinates the balance between lipid
synthesis and catabolism by repressing malonyl CoA decarboxylase. Mol Cell 50(5):686–698.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2013.05.012
2. Michishita E, McCord RA, Berber E et al (2008) SIRT6 is a histone H3 lysine 9 deacetylase
that modulates telomeric chromatin. Nature 452(7186):492–496. https://doi.org/10.1038/
nature06736
3. Nakagawa T, Lomb DJ, Haigis MC et al (2009) SIRT5 deacetylates carbamoyl phosphate
synthetase 1 and regulates the urea cycle. Cell 137(3):560–570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.
2009.02.026
4. Schwer B, North BJ, Frye RA et al (2002) The human silent information regulator (Sir)2
homologue hSIRT3 is a mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent
deacetylase. J Cell Biol 158(4):647–657. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200205057
5. Smith JS, Brachmann CB, Celic I et al (2000) A phylogenetically conserved NAD+-dependent
protein deacetylase activity in the Sir2 protein family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
97(12):6658–6663
6. Haigis MC, Mostoslavsky R, Haigis KM et al (2006) SIRT4 inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase
and opposes the effects of calorie restriction in pancreatic beta cells. Cell 126(5):941–954.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.057
7. Kugel S, Mostoslavsky R (2014) Chromatin and beyond: the multitasking roles for SIRT6.
Trends Biochem Sci 39(2):72–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2013.12.002
8. Gertz M, Steegborn C (2010) Function and regulation of the mitochondrial sirtuin isoform
Sirt5 in Mammalia. Biochim Biophys Acta 1804(8):1658–1665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
bbapap.2009.09.011
9. Jiang H, Khan S, Wang Y et al (2013) SIRT6 regulates TNF-α secretion through hydrolysis of
long-chain fatty acyl lysine. Nature 496(7443):110–113. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12038
10. Aditya R, Kiran AR, Varma DS et al (2017) A review on SIRtuins in diabetes. Curr Pharm Des
23(16):2299–2307. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170125153334
11. Dai H, Sinclair DA, Ellis JL et al (2018) Sirtuin activators and inhibitors: promises, achievements, and challenges. Pharmacol Ther 188:140–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.
2018.03.004
12. Herskovits AZ, Guarente L (2013) Sirtuin deacetylases in neurodegenerative diseases of
aging. Cell Res 23(6):746–758. https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.2013.70
13. Kitada M, Koya D (2013) SIRT1 in type 2 diabetes: mechanisms and therapeutic potential.
Diabetes Metab J 37(5):315–325. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.5.315
14. Lin Z, Fang D (2013) The roles of SIRT1 in cancer. Genes Cancer 4(3–4):97–104. https://doi.
org/10.1177/1947601912475079
15. Morris BJ (2013) Seven sirtuins for seven deadly diseases of aging. Free Radic Biol Med
56:133–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.10.525
16. Roth M, Chen WY (2014) Sorting out functions of sirtuins in cancer. Oncogene 33
(13):1609–1620. https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2013.120
17. Wilking MJ, Ahmad N (2015) The role of SIRT1 in cancer: the saga continues. Am J Pathol
185(1):26–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.10.002
18. Winnik S, Auwerx J, Sinclair DA et al (2015) Protective effects of sirtuins in cardiovascular
diseases: from bench to bedside. Eur Heart J 36(48):3404–3412. https://doi.org/10.1093/
eurheartj/ehv290
82
M. Rahnasto-Rilla et al.
performed by any of the authors.
Informed Consent: This chapter does not contain any informed consent material.
References
1. Laurent G, German NJ, Saha AK et al (2013) SIRT4 coordinates the balance between lipid
synthesis and catabolism by repressing malonyl CoA decarboxylase. Mol Cell 50(5):686–698.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2013.05.012
2. Michishita E, McCord RA, Berber E et al (2008) SIRT6 is a histone H3 lysine 9 deacetylase
that modulates telomeric chromatin. Nature 452(7186):492–496. https://doi.org/10.1038/
nature06736
3. Nakagawa T, Lomb DJ, Haigis MC et al (2009) SIRT5 deacetylates carbamoyl phosphate
synthetase 1 and regulates the urea cycle. Cell 137(3):560–570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.
2009.02.026
4. Schwer B, North BJ, Frye RA et al (2002) The human silent information regulator (Sir)2
homologue hSIRT3 is a mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent
deacetylase. J Cell Biol 158(4):647–657. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200205057
5. Smith JS, Brachmann CB, Celic I et al (2000) A phylogenetically conserved NAD+-dependent
protein deacetylase activity in the Sir2 protein family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
97(12):6658–6663
6. Haigis MC, Mostoslavsky R, Haigis KM et al (2006) SIRT4 inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase
and opposes the effects of calorie restriction in pancreatic beta cells. Cell 126(5):941–954.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.057
7. Kugel S, Mostoslavsky R (2014) Chromatin and beyond: the multitasking roles for SIRT6.
Trends Biochem Sci 39(2):72–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2013.12.002
8. Gertz M, Steegborn C (2010) Function and regulation of the mitochondrial sirtuin isoform
Sirt5 in Mammalia. Biochim Biophys Acta 1804(8):1658–1665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
bbapap.2009.09.011
9. Jiang H, Khan S, Wang Y et al (2013) SIRT6 regulates TNF-α secretion through hydrolysis of
long-chain fatty acyl lysine. Nature 496(7443):110–113. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12038
10. Aditya R, Kiran AR, Varma DS et al (2017) A review on SIRtuins in diabetes. Curr Pharm Des
23(16):2299–2307. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170125153334
11. Dai H, Sinclair DA, Ellis JL et al (2018) Sirtuin activators and inhibitors: promises, achievements, and challenges. Pharmacol Ther 188:140–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.
2018.03.004
12. Herskovits AZ, Guarente L (2013) Sirtuin deacetylases in neurodegenerative diseases of
aging. Cell Res 23(6):746–758. https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.2013.70
13. Kitada M, Koya D (2013) SIRT1 in type 2 diabetes: mechanisms and therapeutic potential.
Diabetes Metab J 37(5):315–325. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.5.315
14. Lin Z, Fang D (2013) The roles of SIRT1 in cancer. Genes Cancer 4(3–4):97–104. https://doi.
org/10.1177/1947601912475079
15. Morris BJ (2013) Seven sirtuins for seven deadly diseases of aging. Free Radic Biol Med
56:133–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.10.525
16. Roth M, Chen WY (2014) Sorting out functions of sirtuins in cancer. Oncogene 33
(13):1609–1620. https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2013.120
17. Wilking MJ, Ahmad N (2015) The role of SIRT1 in cancer: the saga continues. Am J Pathol
185(1):26–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.10.002
18. Winnik S, Auwerx J, Sinclair DA et al (2015) Protective effects of sirtuins in cardiovascular
diseases: from bench to bedside. Eur Heart J 36(48):3404–3412. https://doi.org/10.1093/
eurheartj/ehv290
82
M. Rahnasto-Rilla et al.