86. Murn J, Shi Y (2017) The winding path of protein methylation research: milestones and new
frontiers. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 18:517–527. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm.2017.35
87. De Santa F, Totaro MG, Prosperini E, Notarbartolo S, Testa G, Natoli G (2007) The histone
H3 lysine-27 demethylase Jmjd3 links inflammation to inhibition of polycomb-mediated gene
silencing. Cell 130:1083–1094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.08.019
88. Swigut T, Wysocka J (2007) H3K27 demethylases, at long last. Cell 131:29–32. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.09.026
89. Chang B, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Bruick RK (2007) JMJD6 is a histone arginine demethylase.
Science 318:444 LP–444447. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1145801
90. Kakimoto Y, Akazawa S (1970) Isolation and identification of Ng, Ng- and Ng, N’gdimethylarginine, Nε-mono-, Di-, and trimethyllysine, and glucosylgalactosyl- and
galactosyl-δ-hydroxylysine from human urine. J Biol Chem 245:5751–5758
91. Bird A (2001) Methylation talk between histones and DNA. Science 294:2113–2115. https://
doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-1555
92. Wang H, Cao R, Xia L, Erdjument-bromage H, Borchers C, Tempst P, Zhang Y, Hill C,
Carolina N (2001) Purification and functional characterization of a histone H3-lysine 4-specific methyltransferase. Mol Cell 8:1207–1217
93. Nightingale KP, Gendreizig S, White DA, Bradbury C, Hollfelder F, Turner BM (2007) Crosstalk between histone modifications in response to histone deacetylase inhibitors: MLL4 links
histone H3 acetylation and histone H3K4 methylation. J Biol Chem 282:4408–4416. https://
doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M606773200
94. Okitsu CY, Hsieh C-L (2007) DNA methylation dictates histone H3K4 methylation. Mol Cell
Biol 27:2746–2757. https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.02291-06
95. Weber M, Hellmann I, Stadler MB, Ramos L, Pääbo S, Rebhan M, Schübeler D (2007)
Distribution, silencing potential and evolutionary impact of promoter DNA methylation in the
human genome. Nat Genet 39:457–466. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1990
96. Nan X, Ng H-H, Johnson CA, Laherty CD, Turner BM, Eisenman RN, Bird A (1998)
Transcriptional repression by the methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 involves a histone
deacetylase complex. Nature 393:386
97. Hendrich B, Tweedie S (2003) The methyl-CpG binding domain and the evolving role of
DNA methylation in animals. Trends Genet 19:269–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9525
(03)00080-5
98. Qiu W, Baccarelli A, Carey VJ, Boutaoui N, Bacherman H, Klanderman B, Rennard S,
Agusti A, Anderson W, Lomas DA, DeMeo DL (2012) Variable DNA methylation is
associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung function. Am J Respir Crit
Care Med 185:373–381. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201108-1382OC
99. De Vries M, Van Der Plaat DA, Vonk JM, Boezen HM (2018) No association between DNA
methylation and COPD in never and current smokers. BMJ Open Respir Res 5:5–7. https://doi.
org/10.1136/bmjresp-2018-000282
100. Machin M, Amaral AFS, Wielscher M, Rezwan FI, Imboden M, Jarvelin MR, Adcock IM,
Probst-Hensch N, Holloway JW, Jarvis DL (2017) Systematic review of lung function and
COPD with peripheral blood DNA methylation in population based studies. BMC Pulm Med
17:54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-017-0397-3
101. Lam HC, Cloonan SM, Bhashyam AR, Haspel JA, Singh A, Sathirapongsasuti JF, Cervo M,
Yao H, Chung AL, Mizumura K, An CH, Shan B, Franks JM, Haley KJ, Owen CA,
Tesfaigzi Y, Washko GR, Quackenbush J, Silverman EK, Rahman I, Kim HP, Mahmood A,
Biswal SS, Ryter SW, Choi AMK (2013) Histone deacetylase 6-mediated selective autophagy
regulates COPD-associated cilia dysfunction. J Clin Invest 123:5212–5230. https://doi.org/10.
1172/JCI69636
102. Xu CJ, Söderhäll C, Bustamante M, Baïz N, Gruzieva O, Gehring U, Mason D, Chatzi L,
Basterrechea M, Llop S, Torrent M, Forastiere F, Fantini MP, Carlsen KCL, Haahtela T,
Morin A, Kerkhof M, Merid SK, van Rijkom B, Jankipersadsing SA, Bonder MJ,
Ballereau S, Vermeulen CJ, Aguirre-Gamboa R, de Jongste JC, Smit HA, Kumar A,
Acetylation and Methylation in Asthma, COPD, and Lung Cancer
451
frontiers. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 18:517–527. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm.2017.35
87. De Santa F, Totaro MG, Prosperini E, Notarbartolo S, Testa G, Natoli G (2007) The histone
H3 lysine-27 demethylase Jmjd3 links inflammation to inhibition of polycomb-mediated gene
silencing. Cell 130:1083–1094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.08.019
88. Swigut T, Wysocka J (2007) H3K27 demethylases, at long last. Cell 131:29–32. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.09.026
89. Chang B, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Bruick RK (2007) JMJD6 is a histone arginine demethylase.
Science 318:444 LP–444447. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1145801
90. Kakimoto Y, Akazawa S (1970) Isolation and identification of Ng, Ng- and Ng, N’gdimethylarginine, Nε-mono-, Di-, and trimethyllysine, and glucosylgalactosyl- and
galactosyl-δ-hydroxylysine from human urine. J Biol Chem 245:5751–5758
91. Bird A (2001) Methylation talk between histones and DNA. Science 294:2113–2115. https://
doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-1555
92. Wang H, Cao R, Xia L, Erdjument-bromage H, Borchers C, Tempst P, Zhang Y, Hill C,
Carolina N (2001) Purification and functional characterization of a histone H3-lysine 4-specific methyltransferase. Mol Cell 8:1207–1217
93. Nightingale KP, Gendreizig S, White DA, Bradbury C, Hollfelder F, Turner BM (2007) Crosstalk between histone modifications in response to histone deacetylase inhibitors: MLL4 links
histone H3 acetylation and histone H3K4 methylation. J Biol Chem 282:4408–4416. https://
doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M606773200
94. Okitsu CY, Hsieh C-L (2007) DNA methylation dictates histone H3K4 methylation. Mol Cell
Biol 27:2746–2757. https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.02291-06
95. Weber M, Hellmann I, Stadler MB, Ramos L, Pääbo S, Rebhan M, Schübeler D (2007)
Distribution, silencing potential and evolutionary impact of promoter DNA methylation in the
human genome. Nat Genet 39:457–466. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1990
96. Nan X, Ng H-H, Johnson CA, Laherty CD, Turner BM, Eisenman RN, Bird A (1998)
Transcriptional repression by the methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 involves a histone
deacetylase complex. Nature 393:386
97. Hendrich B, Tweedie S (2003) The methyl-CpG binding domain and the evolving role of
DNA methylation in animals. Trends Genet 19:269–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9525
(03)00080-5
98. Qiu W, Baccarelli A, Carey VJ, Boutaoui N, Bacherman H, Klanderman B, Rennard S,
Agusti A, Anderson W, Lomas DA, DeMeo DL (2012) Variable DNA methylation is
associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung function. Am J Respir Crit
Care Med 185:373–381. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201108-1382OC
99. De Vries M, Van Der Plaat DA, Vonk JM, Boezen HM (2018) No association between DNA
methylation and COPD in never and current smokers. BMJ Open Respir Res 5:5–7. https://doi.
org/10.1136/bmjresp-2018-000282
100. Machin M, Amaral AFS, Wielscher M, Rezwan FI, Imboden M, Jarvelin MR, Adcock IM,
Probst-Hensch N, Holloway JW, Jarvis DL (2017) Systematic review of lung function and
COPD with peripheral blood DNA methylation in population based studies. BMC Pulm Med
17:54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-017-0397-3
101. Lam HC, Cloonan SM, Bhashyam AR, Haspel JA, Singh A, Sathirapongsasuti JF, Cervo M,
Yao H, Chung AL, Mizumura K, An CH, Shan B, Franks JM, Haley KJ, Owen CA,
Tesfaigzi Y, Washko GR, Quackenbush J, Silverman EK, Rahman I, Kim HP, Mahmood A,
Biswal SS, Ryter SW, Choi AMK (2013) Histone deacetylase 6-mediated selective autophagy
regulates COPD-associated cilia dysfunction. J Clin Invest 123:5212–5230. https://doi.org/10.
1172/JCI69636
102. Xu CJ, Söderhäll C, Bustamante M, Baïz N, Gruzieva O, Gehring U, Mason D, Chatzi L,
Basterrechea M, Llop S, Torrent M, Forastiere F, Fantini MP, Carlsen KCL, Haahtela T,
Morin A, Kerkhof M, Merid SK, van Rijkom B, Jankipersadsing SA, Bonder MJ,
Ballereau S, Vermeulen CJ, Aguirre-Gamboa R, de Jongste JC, Smit HA, Kumar A,
Acetylation and Methylation in Asthma, COPD, and Lung Cancer
451